How to Master “Ir + A + Infinitive” in Spanish to Talk About the Future
The Spanish verb ir (to go) can be used to talk about moving through space and time into the immediate future.
This post assumes you already have some knowledge of the Spanish present tense and other basic vocabulary.
Today, we’ll learn what the ir + a + infinitive structure is, how and when to use it to talk about the near future and what makes it different from the simple future tense.
Contents
- Ir + A + Infinitive: The Near Future Tense
- How to Use the Ir + A + Infinitive Formula
- When to Use Ir + A + Infinitive
- Ir + A + Infinitive vs. the Simple Future Tense
- And One More Thing…
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Ir + A + Infinitive: The Near Future Tense
Ir + a + infinitive is a handy formula you can use to talk about the near future in Spanish. It can be translated as “going to [verb].”
This makes it an easy alternative to using the Spanish simple future tense, which requires special verb conjugations. Take these two sentences for example:
Voy a nadar mañana.
(I’m going to swim tomorrow.)
Nadaré mañana.
(I will swim tomorrow.)
They mean the same thing, but are said in different ways.
However, one difference is that ir + a + infinitive can only be used to talk about actions that will happen in the near future. If you want to talk about things that will occur in the distant future, you’ll need to use the simple future tense.
How to Use the Ir + A + Infinitive Formula
Before you learn how to use ir + a +infinitive, you need to know how to conjugate the verb ir (to go) in the present tense.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Yo | Voy |
| Tú | Vas |
| Él/Ella/Usted | Va |
| Nosotros | Vamos |
| Vosotros | Vais |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Van |
To use the formula, follow these three simple steps:
1. Conjugate ir into the correct present tense
2. Insert the preposition a (to)
3. Attach the infinitive form of the verb at the end
Infinitives are the unconjugated “base forms” of Spanish verbs in dictionaries that end in -ar, -er or -ir, for example estudiar (to study), comer (to eat) or escribir (to write).
When we plug these into the ir + a + infinitive formula, we can create sentences like these:
Vamos a estudiar. — We’re going to study.
Voy a comer. — I’m going to eat.
¿Vas a escribir? — Are you going to write?
Of course, we can also use this construction in sentences more than three words long.
While word order in Spanish is notoriously flexible, ir + a + infinitive is a tightly bound trio that must never be separated.
Any additional words will come before or after, but never anywhere inside. For example:
Ellos van a bailar tango. — They’re going to dance tango.
Voy a vivir en Nápoles. — I’m going to live in Naples.
¿Vas a tomar la siesta? — Are you going to take a nap?
The same applies to object pronouns (e.g., lo, la, te, nos, etc.). They must never come anywhere inside our inviolable trio but rather be right before, after or attached to the infinitive. For example:
Vamos a hacerlo. — We’re going to do it.
Lo vamos a hacer. — We’re going to do it.
When to Use Ir + A + Infinitive
You can use the simple ir + a + infinitive formula in these situations:
- When you’re talking about actions of the near future
- When you’d normally say “going to” in English
- When expressing immediacy or urgency
- When making plans or setting intentions
Ir + A + Infinitive vs. the Simple Future Tense
The near future is a very subjective thing.
It could be in five minutes or one week.
In either case, as we mentioned earlier in the post, ir + a + infinitive implies more immediacy than the Spanish simple future tense.
The simple future tense, in contrast, sounds like it takes place in the distant future and is also a bit more formal.
Take these two sentences for example.
First, the ir + a + infinitive version:
Voy a hacer lo necesario. — I’m going to do what is necessary. (i.e. soon, I’ll get it done now-ish, I’ll take care of it)
Compare that to the simple future version:
Haré lo necesario. — I will do what is necessary. (i.e., it will happen in the future, sometime)
The first sentence is more reassuring to the listener who’s anxious to see something done. The second sentence would leave someone less sure how soon action will be taken.
You can see an example of this contrast in the following reggaeton song.
In the first few lines, the gentleman who’s serenading us says:
Hoy voy a beber y sé
que voy a enloquecer
y te llamaré después
para hacerte mía mujer
Today I’m going to drink and I know
that I’m going to lose my mind
and I will call you after
to make you my wife
You can read the full lyrics here.
The first two lines use the construction ir + a + infinitive, which tells us that our lovelorn crooner is about to hit the bottle.
A bit more distantly, after the crazy drunken haze of the night, the lucky lady can expect a ring—or at least some slurred speech from a man down on one knee.
Spanish media (like songs) are full of the ir + a + infinitive formula. I highly recommend you explore others, whether it be on YouTube, Netflix, social media or an online language learning program like FluentU.
FluentU takes authentic videos—like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talks—and turns them into personalized language learning lessons.
You can try FluentU for free for 2 weeks. Check out the website or download the iOS app or Android app.
Now that you know how to use ir + a + infinitive, I challenge you to find an online language partner tonight, talk about your immediate plans and then ask about theirs.
¡Va a ser fantástico! (It’s going to be fantastic!)
Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)
And One More Thing…
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