By brittanytackett Last updated: December 23, 2022

Acabar: Your All-Encompassing Guide to This Versatile Spanish Verb

Acabar can be a challenging verb to learn in Spanish, but one that comes with lots of rewards.

Acabar literally means “to finish” or “to end,” but it can convey a few different meanings depending on how it’s used and you’ll probably see it quite often.

With explanations of the verb’s various uses, examples and tips on practicing, this guide will help you get the hang of acabar, and have fun doing it!

Contents

• The 4 Main Uses of Acabar in Spanish
• • 1. Acabarse
  • 2. Acabar de + Infinitive
  • 3. Acabar por + Infinitive
  • 4. Acabar con (algo)
  • Conjugating Acabar con (algo)
• 5 Quick Tips for Fully Learning Acabar
• • 1. Create Flashcards
  • 2. Write Letters
  • 3. Watch the News
  • 4. Read a Newspaper
  • 5. Learn with Authentic Videos

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The 4 Main Uses of Acabar in Spanish

Acabar directly translates to “to end” or “to finish,” but is slightly different from terminar (to end). 

Acabar is most commonly used to express having just done something in the recent past. Depending on the preposition used with acabar, the meaning can change.

Here are the four different ways to use this verb and how the meaning changes with the way it’s formed.

1. Acabarse

As a reflexive verb, acabarse means “to use up,” “to run its course” or “to die.”

When a verb is reflexive, it means that the action of the verb remains with the subject. For example, if a concert ends or your perfume runs out, the reflexive form of acabar must be used. For example:

El concierto se acabó.  (The concert ended.)

On the other hand, if you finish your homework, it isn’t your homework itself that has ended, but rather you’ve finished it, so you’d use the regular form of acabar:

Yo acabé mi tarea. (I finished my homework.)

Conjugating Acabarse

In the reflexive form, the verb is conjugated the same, only an object pronoun is replaced before the conjugated form of the verb or after the infinitive.

Below is a conjugation chart for acabarse in the preterite form (its most common use):

Here are some examples of the use of acabarse:

Los boletos se acabaron hace una semana. (The tickets sold out a week ago.)

Él se acabó cuatro días antes de su cumpleaños. (He died four days before his birthday.)

La película se acabó cuando la pareja se reunió. (The movie ended when the couple reunited.)

2. Acabar de + Infinitive

Acabar de + infinitive is used to describe something that just happened in the recent past.

The English equivalent of acabar de + infinitivo would be “to have just finished doing something.”

To use acabar effectively in this situation, the preposition de must be used. In English, the past participle of the verb is used, but in Spanish an infinitive is used instead.

The present tense of acabar de + infinitivo is used for describing something that just happened in the immediate past.

These events are so recent, that they almost happened in the present tense.

To speak of things that happened further in the past (the past perfect tense in English), the imperfect past tense is used in Spanish.

Conjugating Acabar de + Infinitive

Conjugating acabar de in the most recent past requires the present tense of the verb. This table shows this conjugation using comer as the infinitive to say “just ate”:

Conjugating acabar de in the more distant past requires the imperfect past tense of the verb. This table demonstrates this form, so as to say “had just ate:”

Here are some examples of how it can be used in the present and imperfect past tenses.

Present:

Yo acabo de escribir. (I just finished writing.)

Ella acaba de comer.  (She just finished eating.)

Past:

Tú acababas de leer. (You had just finished reading.)

Ellos acababan de jugar. (They had just finished playing.)

3. Acabar por + Infinitive

When using acabar with the preposition por, the meaning changes slightly.

Acabar por + infinitivo is used to express finally doing something or ending up doing something that perhaps wasn’t initially expected.

Because it refers to something that happened in the past, the preterite tense is used.

Conjugating Acabar por + Infinitive

In the case of acabar por, the preterite tense is always used, as shown below to say “finally ate”

Below are some examples of how to use acabar por + infinitivo in the context of ending up doing something and doing something:

To finally do something:

Yo acabé por llegar a mi casa. (I finally arrived at home.)

Usted acabó por bailar  conmigo. (You finally danced with me.)

To end up doing something:

Nosotros acabamos por ir en tren. (We ended up taking the train.)

Ellos acabaron por comer pollo en lugar de res. (They ended up eating chicken instead of beef.)

4. Acabar con (algo)

Acabar con algo means “to have ended,” “to have ruined” or “to have destroyed” someone or something.

While the preposition con literally translates to “with,” in this case it simply translates to “to have ended something.” 

This form of acabar is also used in the preterite tense. 

Conjugating Acabar con (algo)

In the case of acabar con, the preterite tense is most often used, as shown below:

Listed here are some examples of how to use acabar con to describe having just ended, ruined or destroyed a person, place or thing:

Ese tiro acabó con el juego. (That shot ended the game.)

Tú acabaste con nuestro matrimonio. (You destroyed our marriage.)

La lluvia acabó con nuestro picnic. (The rain ruined our picnic.)

5 Quick Tips for Fully Learning Acabar

1. Create Flashcards

Flashcards are always a go-to technique for learning verbs.

Try writing out different conjugated forms of acabar on one side of the card and the English translation on the back. The more you practice, the faster you’ll learn how to differentiate between the various uses of acabar.

In no time, you’ll be able to use acabar de, acabar con and acabar por like a native speaker. Don’t worry if you don’t know about all those phrases yet—keep reading and we’ll explore them all in depth.

2. Write Letters

Consider writing a letter to a friend or family member, telling a story about something you’ve done recently.

This is a great way to practice the use of acabar. If you mention anything that you’ve just completed, expect to use this verb in your letter.

If nobody you know speaks Spanish well enough to be involved in your practice, find a Spanish-speaking penpal on InterPals.

3. Watch the News

If you watch the news in English, you’ve likely heard the anchor say “this just in,” when sharing breaking news.

To share recent news in Spanish, it’s likely that the anchor will need to use the verb acabar at some point. That’s why, if you want to listen to acabar being used in a natural setting, watching the news is a great choice.

4. Read a Newspaper

Just as news anchors need to use the verb acabar to share breaking news, journalists in all situations are likely to use the verb as well.

Try reading a newspaper in Spanish and highlighting every time you see the verb acabar. Not only will you learn about what’s going on in the world, but you’ll improve your Spanish grammar in the meantime.

5. Learn with Authentic Videos

The Internet is huge, and it has a lot of great content in Spanish. Look for music videos, comedy skits, vlogger channels or anything else that piques your interest.

Videos made by and for native speakers will let you hear lots of common verbs in action, including acabar.

For a more focused approach, you could also use a virtual immersion platform.

FluentU is one example that lets you search for videos that use the verb acabar, or manually add it to your personalized vocabulary lists. After you watch a video using the word acabar, you can review what you’ve learned with flashcards and personalized quizzes.

Hopefully you have a better understanding of how to use acabar now, as well as some resources where you can learn more.

Study the conjugations and try to use the verb naturally as much as possible. You’re already on your way!

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)