Korean Numbers: Everything You Need to Know About Counting in Korean
Numbers are in everything: addresses, restaurant menus, money, plane tickets, even episodes of your favorite Korean drama.
This is why it’s so important to know your Korean numbers! Luckily for you, this post is here to help you learn the Korean numbers—from zero to a trillion.
Contents
Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)
Native Korean Numbers
These numbers are used when counting, talking about age or telling time. Read this post about telling time to perfect that skill.
Native Korean numbers go only as high as 99. Once you need to use a higher number, you will switch to the other Sino-Korean system.
1-10
Here’s how to say one through 10 in Korean:
하나 (“Hana”) — one
둘 (“Dool”) — two
셋 (“Set”) — three
넷 (“Net”) — four
다섯 (“Dasut”) — five
여섯 (“Yusut”) — six
일곱 (“Eelgop”) — seven
여덟 (“Yudulb”) — eight
아홉 (“Ahop”) — nine
열 (“Yul”) — ten
11-19
Going beyond 10 is really easy. You just use the formula:
10 + X
So for 11, we have “10 + 1” which is 열하나 (“yulhana”). The numbers 11-19 are known as the yul series because they all start with yul and are suffixed with the numbers from one to nine.
20-90
Next, you need to memorize the tens (20, 30 and so on):
스물 (“Seumul”) — 20
서른 (“Seoreun”) — 30
마흔 (“Maheun”) — 40
쉰 (“Swin”) — 50
예순 (“Yesun”) — 60
일흔 (“Ilheun”) — 70
여든 (“Yeodeun”) — 80
아흔 (“Aheun”) — 90
For building the numbers in between, the method is the same. For example, for the 20 series, you use this formula:
20 + X
So for 21, you take 20: 스물 and one: 하나, and you combine them into 스물하나 (“seumulhana”).
Here are some more examples:
여든셋 (“Yeodeunset”) — 83
마흔다섯 (“Maheundasut”) — 45
아흔여섯 (“Aheunyusut”) — 96
More About Native Korean Numbers
Korean Counters
Counting in Korean requires tags that allow us to identify what types or class of things we’re counting. Whether it’s people, animals, or objects, each requires its own counter.
Some of these counters are:
개 (“gae”) is used for counting objects.
For example: 사과 여섯 개 (six apples)
명 (“myeong”) / 사람 (“saram”) is used for counting people
For example: 열 명 (10 people)
마리 (“mari”) is used for counting animals
For example: 고양이 여덟 마리 (eight cats)
장 (“jang”) is used for counting flat objects (eg. sheets of paper)
For example: 종이 일곱 장 (seven sheets of paper)
To actually use these counters, you must use this formula:
Object (What) + Korean Number (How Many) + Counter
Special Numbers
1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 are special because they drop their last letter when they’re paired with a counter.
For example, 하나, when paired with a counter 명 isn’t 하나 명 (“hana myeong”), but rather 한 명 (“han myeong”).
Here are the rest of the transformations. Notice how they drop the last letter:
하나 (“Hana” ) → 한 (“Han” )
둘 (“Dool”) → 두 (“Doo”)
셋 (“Set”) → 세 (“Se”)
넷 (“Net”) → 네 (“Ne”)
스물 (“Seumul”) → 스무 (“Seumu”)
Why Does Korean Have 2 Number Systems?
The native numbers are not the only numbers that the Korean language uses!
Korean has two number systems due to the influence of China.
Since China and Korea share a border, they share a lot of cultural and linguistic characteristics.
In fact, it’s even said that 60% of the Korean language has Chinese origins.
So now there are two number systems: one that is native and one that has Chinese elements!
To pick up on the difference between these two systems, I suggest that you use FluentU to watch native video clips and listen to how the different kinds of numbers are used!
You can do this on your iOS or Android device!
Now, let’s get into the second number system.
Sino-Korean Numbers
Did you know that there’s a second number system in Korean? Yup, Sino-Korean numbers are used to count larger numbers.
You can also see Sino-Korean used a lot for dates, times, currency, phone numbers, measurements, addresses and more!
1-10
영 (“Yeong”) or 공 (“Gong”) — zero
일 (“Il”) — one
이 (“I”) — two
삼 (“Sam”) — three
사 (“Sa”) — four
오 (“O”) — five
육 (“Yuk”) — six
칠 (“Chil”) — seven
팔 (“Pal”) — eight
구 (“Gu”) — nine
십 (“Ship”) — 10
It’s very important that you commit these numbers to memory because they’re your building blocks.
You’re going to be using them for building bigger and bigger numbers.
11-19
This is called the ship series because they all start with 십 (“ship”).
십일 (“Shipil”) — 11
십이 (“Shipi”) — 12
십삼 (“Shipsam”) — 13
십사 (“Shipsa”) — 14
십오 (“Shipo”) — 15
십육 (“Shipnyuk”) — 16
십칠 (“Shipchil”) — 17
십팔 (“Ship-pal”) — 18
십구 (“Shipgu”) — 19
이십 (“Iship”) — 20
As you may have already noticed, the formula for numbers 11-19 is still:
10 + X
So 십, which is the Sino-Korean number for 10, comes first and is then suffixed by the ones digit (X).
That’s why 17 in the Sino-Korean nomenclature is 십칠 (“Shipchil”) following the 10 + X formula.
20-90
You’ll see next that the situation reverses when you deal with 20s, 30s, 40s, etc.:
이십 (“Iship”) — 20
삼십 (“Samship”) — 30
사십 (“Saship”) — 40
오십 (“Oship”) — 50
육십 (“Yukship”) — 60
칠십 (“Chilship”) — 70
팔십 (“Palship”) — 80
구십 (“Guship”) — 90
This time, when you’re dealing with the tens (20-90), the formula is reversed. It becomes:
X + 10
The number 80, for example, becomes 팔십 (“Palship”), where 팔 is the Sino-Korean number for eight and is suffixed by 십, which is 10.
Now that we know how counting by tens works, we can easily work out how the numbers between them like 25, 38 or 49 are written.
You simply add the ones digit at the end.
Let’s designate the ones digit as “Y” this time. So the formula becomes:
X + 10 + Y
We know 20 is 이십 (“Iship”). By adding the five at the end (오), we get 25: 이십오 (“Iship-o”). Here’s another example:
삼십팔 (“Samship-pal”) — 38
100-10,000
Got all that? Excellent. Let’s move forward and get to the hundreds:
백 (“Baek”) — 100
이백 (“Ibaek”) — 200
삼백 (“Sambaek”) — 300
사백 (“Sabaek”) — 400
오백 (“Obaek”) — 500
육백 (“Yukbaek”) — 600
칠백 (“Chilbaek”) — 700
팔백 (“Palbaek”) — 800
구백 (“Gubaek”) — 900
You’ll notice that the hundreds follow the same form as the ones.
Since three is 삼, 300 is 삼백 (“sam-baek”); since seven is 칠, 700 is 칠백 (“chil-baek”).
For non-round numbers like 367, you just tack on 67 to the tail of 300. So it becomes 삼백육십칠 (“Sambaek-yukship-chil”).
The pattern pretty much holds in the thousands, as well:
천 (“Cheon”) — 1,000
이천 (“Icheon”) — 2,000
삼천 (“Samcheon”) — 3,000
사천 (“Sacheon”) — 4,000
오천 (“Ocheon”) — 5,000
육천 (“Yukcheon”) — 6,000
칠천 (“Chilcheon”) — 7,000
팔천 (“Palcheon”) — 8,000
구천 (“Gucheon”) — 9,000
For non-rounded numbers like 1,367, you just tack on 67 to the tail of 300. So it becomes 천삼백육십칠 (“Cheon-sambaek-yukship-chil”).
10,000+
The number 10,000, 만 (“Man”), is an inflection point in this number system because Koreans count in increments of 10,000.
This is unlike most of the Western world which counts in multiples of 1,000.
For a Westerner—100,000 is 100 multiples of 1,000.
For Koreans—100,000 is 10 multiples of 10,000.
In this number system, 10 million is 천만 (“Cheonman”) because 10 million is 1,000 multiples of 10,000.
Just remember to drop the last four digits of the big number then compose whatever’s left and suffix that number with 만 (“man”).
Then bring back the four digits that you dropped and compose it as you normally would.
For example, 127,563: we first drop the last four digits, so only the 12 remains (like 12 multiples of 10,000). So 127,563 is 십이만 칠천오백육십삼.
Here are some more examples:
칠만 팔천이백사십오 — 78,245
삼십칠만 팔천구백오십 — 378,950
To get to even higher numbers, you’ll need to know:
100,000 is 십만 (“Ship-man”) because it’s 10 x 10,000.
1 million is 백만 (“Baek-man”) because it’s 100 x 10,000
10 million is 천만 (“Cheon-man”) because it’s 1,000 x 10,000
억 (“Eok”) — 100 million
조 (“Jo”) — 1 trillion
How to Say the Date in Korean
In America, dates usually follow the “Month-Day-Year” pattern. For example, “April 16, 2022.”
In Korea, the year is mentioned first. They follow the “Year-Month-Day” format, as in “2022 년 4 월 16 일.”
년 (“Nyeon”) — year
월 (“Wol”) — month
일 (“Il”) — day
The date above (April 16, 2022) is read as 이천이십이 년 사 월 십육 일.
Here are the months in Korean. They’re simply the first 12 Sino-Korean numbers suffixed by 월 (“wol”).
1월 (“Irwol”) — January
2월 (“Iwol”) — February
3월 (“Samwol”) — March
4월 (“Sawol”) — April
5월 (“Owol”) — May
6월 (“Yuwol”) — June
7월 (“Chirwol”) — July
8월 (“Parwol”) — August
9월 (“Guwol”) — September
10월 (“Siwol”) — October
11월 (“Shibirwol”) — November
12월 (“Shibiwol”) — December
How to Say Phone Numbers in Korean
When saying a phone number, Koreans will say each individual number.
Koreans also use 에 (“e”) to signify a “dash” between the group of numbers.
The numbers 1일 (“il”) and 2이 (“i”) sound very similar so sometimes 1일 (“il”) is replaced with the native Korean 1하나 (“hana”) to avoid confusion.
For telephone numbers, 공 (“gong”) is used for zeroes.
Let’s look at a couple of examples:
공일공에 이삼육사에 팔칠공구 — 010-2364-8709
공구일칠 팔이이에 공공육사 — (0917) 822-0064
Other Uses of the Sino-Korean System
The Sino-Korean Number System has many other uses.
For anything above 100, this is your guy. This system is also used for currency, addresses, measurements and more.
Here are some examples of Korean counters that use Sino-Korean numbers:
킬로미터 (“Kil-lo-mee-teo”) — kilometers
미터 (“Mee-teo”) — meters
리터 (“Li-teo”) — liters
도 (“Doh”) — temperature, usually in degrees Celsius
초 (“Cho”) — seconds
Now that you know Korean numbers, you’ll have the confidence to communicate properly about a variety of different things!