Emily Monaco Last updated: August 2, 2022

The Essential Guide to the French Conditional Tense

Contrary to popular belief, the French conditional isn’t actually a tense!

It’s considered a mood, which describes how an action takes place (rather than when).

The French conditional can become quite simple once you’ve learned a few tricks to master it.

And this guide is here to show you how!

Why Use the French Conditional Mood
How to Form the French Conditional Conjugations
When to Use the French Conditional Mood
When to Not Use the French Conditional
- Don’t use the conditional with all verbs to “be polite”
- Don’t use the conditional immediately after si
Don’t Forget to Practice the French Conditional

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Why Use the French Conditional Mood

But let’s start at the beginning. Before getting into how to use the conditional, it’s important to know why to use the conditional: What does it mean, and why and when should you be using it?

The conditional is used in French to express events that are not guaranteed to occur—events that depend on certain conditions to come true. This is why the mood is called the conditional. Of course, we express these ideas in English, so why does it sound so foreign when we tackle the conditional in French?

In English, when we speak in the conditional mood, we use helping verbs like “would” and “could.” In French, you need to use a whole new conjugation to evoke the same meaning. This is one of the reasons that the conditional can seem a bit tough at first, but we promise, it’s not really all that complicated!

How to Form the French Conditional Conjugations

One of the first things you need to learn when approaching the conditional is how to conjugate it. There’s a fairly easy rule and—for once—no exceptions!

To form the conditional in French, you must start with the future simple tense root.

For regular 1st group verbs, like parler, this root is the same as the infinitive: parler-.

For regular 2nd group verbs, like choisir, this root is the same as the infinitive as well: choisir-.

For regular 3rd group verbs, like descendre, this root is the same as the infinitive, minus the final “e”: descendr-.

There are several irregular roots in the future simple; these irregular roots are the same in the conditional. Here are just a few:

Avoir — aur–
Savoir — saur-
Etre — ser-
Faire — fer-
Voir — verr-
Aller — ir-

To these roots, add the same endings as with the imperfect. If you need a refresher, the endings are as follows:

Je -ais
Tu -ais
Il/Elle/On -ait
Nous -ions
Vous -iez
Ils/Elles –aient

And that’s it! Much simpler than you expected, right? If you know the imperfect and the future simple, you’re more than halfway there. All you need to learn now is when it’s appropriate to use the conditional.

When to Use the French Conditional Mood

The conditional mood is generally taught by exploring si or if clauses first. There are three si clauses in French, which is one of the times the French conditional is used. It’s the principal way to use it, which is why it’s important to master this first before moving on to other ways the conditional can be used.

So let’s start with si clauses. The first si clause doesn’t actually use the conditional mood at all, so it’s a great place to introduce the form without having to remember all those new conjugations just yet:

Si + Present, Future Simple

Si j’ai le temps, je t’appellerai. (If I have time, I’ll call you.)

This si clause expresses certain actions taken in the future should an event occur in the present. One implies that the present action is nearly certain, thus the use of the future instead of the conditional.

The second si clause in French is as follows:

Si + Imperfect, Conditional

Si j’avais le temps, je t’appellerais. (If I had time, I would call you.)

This si clause expresses actions that are based entirely on a condition. It is implied that the action is possible but not certain.

The third si clause in French is as follows:

Si + Pluperfect, Past Conditional

Si j’avais eu le temps, je t’aurais appelé. (If I’d had time, I would’ve called you.)

This si clause expresses a certain amount of regret. It’s the idea that “should have” or “could have” expresses in English. As you can see from the above sentence, the past conditional is quite easy to form once you know the conditional and the passé composé. Like the plus perfect or plus-que-parfait, the past conditional is a composed tense made up of the conditional of the auxiliary verb (être or avoir, depending on the lexical verb) and the past participle of the lexical verb.

Aside from the si clauses, which are the principal use of the conditional in French, you can also use the conditional to express politeness, particularly with verbs expressing desire, like vouloir or aimer.

Je veux un sandwich. (I want a sandwich.)
Je voudrais un sandwich. (I would like a sandwich.)

J’aime le cinéma. (I like the movie theater.)
J’aimerais venir au cinéma avec vous. (I would like to come to the cinema with you.)

Peux-tu me donner un stylo ? (Can you give me a pen?)
Pourrais-tu me donner un stylo ? (Could you give me a pen?)

You can also use the conditional to give advice:

Tu dois faire tes devoirs tout de suite. (You must do your homework right now.)
Tu devrais faire tes devoirs tout de suite. (You should do your homework right now.)

When to Not Use the French Conditional

Laid out in this way, the conditional seems quite simple, but heads up! There are a few common mistakes made when using the conditional, even by native French speakers!

Don’t use the conditional with all verbs to “be polite”

One of the key mistakes made when using the conditional in French is overusing the politeness aspect of the conditional. Some learners assume that because the conditional makes a sentence more polite, it makes all sentences more polite and therefore end up writing entire emails to their boss or teacher in the conditional.

Unfortunately, applying the conditional to any and all sentences doesn’t make them more polite. The politeness aspect of the conditional should really only be used with verbs expressing desire, like vouloir, aimer, désirer or with verbs that incite action from the other person—like pouvoir or devoir. Other than these verbs, err on the side of caution when considering the conditional to express politeness.

Don’t use the conditional immediately after si

Another mistake that is very commonly made by French people is using the conditional on both sides of the si clause:

*Si j’aurais su, je l’aurais fait. (*If I would had known, I’d have done it.)

Instead, say: “Si j’avais su, je l’aurais fait.” (If I had known, I would have done it.)

You should never use the conditional immediately after si. This error stems from the fact that, as with much of modern French parlance, words are being dropped from oral French. The si of the si clause is one of these, and without the si, some people overcorrect and use the conditional twice.

If you’re practicing French immersion to improve your French, you may hear this when speaking with your French friends, and if you are attempting to sound as French as possible, you might be tempted to copy them. Resist the urge! This use of the conditional is wrong and shouldn’t become a habit, even in conversation.

Don’t Forget to Practice the French Conditional

Now that you know all about the French conditional, you’re ready to try it out! The key to learning about this form is to practice, practice, practice.

Speak the example sentences in this post out loud. Write them down on flashcards and practice them again in a week, then again in two weeks. Look for it in vlogs, TV series and other videos that use everyday French.

You don’t have to wait until you chance upon the word in native content, though: Just use FluentU to find the conditional in authentic videos. FluentU has many native French videos like movie clips, trailers, commercials, interviews and more. You could be on the lookout for the conditional form as you watch videos on FluentU, using the interactive subtitles to see a definition as you watch.

You can also try the search feature. Search the program for a specific word—even one in the French conditional form—you’ll see flashcards of that word for any of its meanings, as well as any common phrases where it appears. It will also show you videos where you can see the word being used naturally.

Clicking on the flashcard will let you see a complete definition along with its grammar information, example sentences and even clips from FluentU videos where you can find the word.

Since FluentU lets you make flashcard decks, you can make one for the conditional and practice the different conjugations with the personalized quizzes on the program. And if you get the iOS or Android app version, you can also practice speaking these words out loud through speaking questions.

On it, authentic clips are equipped with interactive subtitles that provide word translations and grammatical details. This lets you see and understand tense usage in context.

Already comfortable with the conditional? Then go ahead and practice it in actual conversations with French speakers. You might also want to include it anytime you’re practicing your French writing.

Once you’ve learned the proper ways to use and conjugate the conditional, you’ll be well on your way to mastering this advanced French mood.