{"id":70305,"date":"2019-11-18T08:45:36","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T13:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/learn\/italian-verb-conjugation\/"},"modified":"2025-06-09T10:39:41","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T14:39:41","slug":"italian-verb-conjugation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-verb-conjugation\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Verb Conjugation: The Essential Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If you ask former language students where they gave up on learning Italian, or where they thought the end of the road was, it\u2019s here: <strong>Italian\u00a0verb conjugations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>This may sound all too familiar to you, so let&#8217;s get you back on track with this post and help you have a healthier attitude on the subject.<\/p>\n<p>[fluentu-toc skip=4]\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>What You Need to Know Before Conjugating<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Verb<\/strong> <strong>conjugation is when you turn a verb like \u201crun\u201d into \u201cran\u201d or \u201crunning\u201d or \u201cwill run.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this section, we lay the groundwork and talk about the things that you\u2019re going to use to conjugate verbs.<\/p>\n<h3>Italian Pronouns<\/h3>\n<p>To correctly conjugate a verb, <strong>you need to know who is doing the action<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, you need to know if they\u2019re in the first person, second person or third person point of view, and whether they\u2019re singular or plural. Why? <strong>Because each takes on a different verb form<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a summary of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-subject-pronouns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italian pronouns<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-569999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-569999 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Point of View<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Meaning<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Italian<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\">First Person<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">Used when you\u2019re talking about yourself, your opinions and the things that happened to you.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-45a5679e09c637c7451ef73b7909d8fe-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">io         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-0baf3c8c0b7cc6e27019b40142472ee1-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">noi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">we<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\">Second Person<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">Refers to the person you\u2019re addressing.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-8f108c185aad3882442402d54541944f-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">tu         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">you (singular)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-e87e942cd27a603ef1906980570fbe1a-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">voi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">you (plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-1\">Third Person<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">Refers to the people and objects talked about.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-dd3e3ea603b34f79f55803cb3c71f21e-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">lui         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">he \/ it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-f81969ce4cf6246c05b75cfbe45a3d84-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">lei         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">she \/ it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-7aa904504d8c91369d0057e9f0635020-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">esso         <\/a>\n    <\/em>, <em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-e27973ebc7d50e4fef54cb690735b310-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">essa         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-3334a7815cab7afa1fbb1217b32ebcdf-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">loro         <\/a>\n    <\/em>, <em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-81272f1f707ebbcddd2edbbeb96df8bb-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">essi         <\/a>\n    <\/em>, <em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-375b1a85ee59a5d32c1d16f00236b462-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">esse         <\/a>\n    <\/em> <\/td><td class=\"column-4\">they<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-569999 from cache -->\n<p>A couple of quick notes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The English \u201cit\u201d is a special case. <strong>You can either use <em>lui, lei<\/em> or <em>loro<\/em>\u00a0depending on what \u201cit\u201d is being replaced<\/strong>. Use <em>lui<\/em> if the noun being replaced is masculine in gender and\u00a0<em>lei<\/em>\u00a0if it\u2019s feminine.<\/li>\n<li>Another pronoun you might hear is <em>Lei.  <\/em>This is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-formal-you\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">formal &#8220;you&#8221; in Italian<\/a>, used for people you\u2019ve just met or people considered higher than you in the ladder of life. In comparison, <em>tu<\/em> is considered the informal you, used for friends and family.\n<p><em>Lei<\/em> is different from the <em>lei<\/em>\u00a0(she) which has an uncapitalized letter \u201cl,\u201d but <strong>it follows the same conjugation rules<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Italian Verb Groups<\/h3>\n<p>In the Italian language, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/common-italian-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">verbs<\/a> can be grouped into three distinct classes<\/strong> based on their endings. (English, on the other hand, is just all over the place.)<\/p>\n<p>These are the three classes of Italian verbs:<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-589999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-589999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Italian Verb Class<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Examples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>-are <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-69272eef65edca86a290065502c70aa1-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">parlare         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (talk)<br \/>\n<em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-2f471caa799074c0b81af8c084ba6b01-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">entrare         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (enter)<br \/>\n<em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-93a2d54654c67a57c6c7a9c5c4fb1417-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">nuotare         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (swim)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>-ere <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d8fcf9f9922f4ef54a51fd88d3857768-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">scrivere         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (write)<br \/>\n<em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-04c2a83968064a897f252db43b82b5f1-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">leggere         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (read)<br \/>\n<em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-85a1893c6867220fcc30072c3423390f-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vedere         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (see)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>-ire <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-869e382fbf57b7facdf91e42354fd0f0-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">costruire         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (build)<br \/>\n<em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-71276a3b3f74aa4df95d4ee6703f3b4d-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">seguire         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (follow)<br \/>\n<em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-562630e35d249cafd924feadc525194d-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">colpire         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (hit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-589999 from cache -->\n<p>We\u2019re talking here about verbs that are in the infinitive form. This is also their simplest form, and it&#8217;s the one that&#8217;s used as an entry in the dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>In English, \u201cswim\u201d is in the infinitive form. \u201cSwimming\u201d or \u201cswam\u201d are not.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbs with the same endings follow the same verb conjugation rules<\/strong>. Watch for the last three letters of the verbs <em>(-are<\/em>, <em>-ere<\/em> and <em>-ire)<\/em> because they&#8217;ll usually be dropped and replaced with something else.<\/p>\n<p>In the next section, we\u2019ll look at how those different verbs are conjugated in the most common tenses in Italian.<\/p>\n<h2>Conjugation Rules for Common Tenses<\/h2>\n<h3>The Present Tense: <em>Presente indicativo <\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Much like it is in English, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italian present tense<\/a> is used to talk about habitual actions, basic truths, descriptions and actions happening at the moment of speaking.<\/p>\n<h4><em>-are<\/em> Verbs<\/h4>\n<p>In the present tense, if a verb ends with <em>-are<\/em>, the <em>-are<\/em> is dropped. You then add the corresponding ending following this table:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mangiare <\/em> (To eat)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-599999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-599999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Present Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io <\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-dcd3ca55c9fb5244fb9c1dde8a4bc760-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangio         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-o <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu <\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-f805fe558323062b564404b4f330d47e-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-i <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui <\/em> \/ <em>lei <\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-124661ddc3cc0fd43249e9b188d99662-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangia         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-a <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi <\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-cfa99b309cc67e03e051de721e4e68ca-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiamo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-iamo <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi <\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-a3b32e927875f39eb824740938ac7e78-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ate <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro <\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-f71cbe1ee88b65e92cea8b3cfb7da5fa-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiano         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ano <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-599999 from cache -->\n<h4><em>-ere<\/em> Verbs<\/h4>\n<p>In the present tense, if a verb ends with <em>-ere<\/em>, the <em>-ere<\/em> is dropped and changed into the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vivere <\/em> (to live)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-609999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-609999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Present Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io <\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-523f9e8fcad7ba0bc53039e83e0472e2-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-o<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu <\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-9fa08a4c99b46d291c541d72cf1c260d-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-i<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui <\/em> \/ <em>lei <\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-c6444718f88de282ea7e09b6aef057a8-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vive         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-e<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d8e1a94827cd625be011278e698b5644-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">viviamo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-iamo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d359db39ff1bbea2392d32ba14288066-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivete         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ete<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-ac4d58d9b5896f0042407f8b0f818033-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivono         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ono<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-609999 from cache -->\n<h4><em>-ire<\/em> Verbs<\/h4>\n<p>In the present tense, if a verb ends with <em>-ire<\/em>, the <em>-ire<\/em> is dropped and changed into the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Dormire <\/em> (to sleep) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-619999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-619999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Present Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io<\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d604273fea5ca601e4555bada6235075-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-o<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu<\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-55c0b5ef324c679e335a8032903c6fd9-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-i<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui<\/em> \/ <em>lei<\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-7f6ee1678808db8a67ac92e1c0f55fa1-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dorme         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-e<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-85a80ca6ff70c6b103b01eeef94c1413-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormiamo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-iamo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-e26d66ca97f30db580d14c75e8033714-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormite         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ite<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-f3cf1d196253e2757ac1dd74b7a21e3c-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormono         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ono<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-619999 from cache -->\n<h3>The Past Tense: <em>Passato Prossimo <\/em><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-past-tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Passato prossimo<\/em><\/a> refers to actions that were done and completed in the past, but that have an effect in the present.<\/p>\n<p>This is a bit of a unique tense because it can be used for both the present perfect and past tenses in English.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The formula for forming the passato prossimo is: <strong>conjugated<\/strong> <strong><em>avere  \/ essere \u00a0<\/em>+ past participle of the main verb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Avere<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/essere-and-avere\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to have<\/a>) and <em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>ssere <\/strong><\/em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-to-be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to be<\/a>) are two of the most common helping verbs in Italian, and they&#8217;re the only two you&#8217;ll need for conjugating the present perfect. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/essere-and-avere\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">how do you know which to choose<\/a>? An easy way to start is by remembering that <em>avere<\/em> is mostly used with transitive verbs, while <em>essere<\/em>\u00a0is mostly used with intransitive verbs.<\/p>\n<p>But before we get to conjugating <em>avere <\/em>and <em>essere<\/em>, you&#8217;ll have to learn how to form the past participle. In general, the past participle ends with <em>-to<\/em>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-629999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-629999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Verb Type<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Past Participle Rule<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>-are<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Drop the <em>-are<\/em> and replace it with <em>-ato.<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-228a1d09b9a83f8a436b006f9f5f4b20-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiare         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (eat) \u2192 <em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-2aa1ad32d0b8a1181bb508b8b8867b83-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (eaten)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>-ere<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Drop the <em>-ere<\/em> and replace it with <em>-uto.<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-4db6f14072875afc3f0256e5f0a37fb6-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vendere         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (sell) \u2192 <em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-e41d60215fe580b80421d8be68464226-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">venduto         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (sold)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>-ire<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Drop the <em>-ire<\/em> and replace it with <em>-ito.<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-4b470a87c7c42c6c5af768548dd57357-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\"> sentire         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (feel) \u2192 <em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-2abacdffc3e5645d5a8ad7071b3aa2ff-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\"> sentito         <\/a>\n    <\/em> (felt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-629999 from cache -->\n<p><em><strong>Mangiare <\/strong><\/em><strong>(to eat):<\/strong> <strong>conjugated with auxiliary verb <em>avere<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-639999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-639999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Present Pefect Tense <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io<\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-578b0f9c143dd9ef7dfbc60652277b19-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">ho mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu<\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-95a58deddb30f2b815afda83efc869c4-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">hai mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui<\/em> \/ <em>lei<\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-36e7bae950a3f851b79df5c656361352-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">ha mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-08b6f7cecc304d163e8c308b9721e059-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">abbiamo mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d592548f9a971ba0819bfe07ed93c349-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">avete mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b3ed164e94643696ca7f94b1f80fc447-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">hanno mangiato         <\/a>\n    <\/em> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-639999 from cache -->\n<p><strong><em>Arrivare \u00a0<\/em> (to arrive): conjugated with auxiliary verb <em>essere<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-649999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-649999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">Present Perfect Tense<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Masculine<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Feminine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io <\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b4367909b332da63f619e35a554e6ca9-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">sono arrivato         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-224b8e7ee216692c53e4d26dbd0448ea-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">sono arrivata         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu<\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-ad975cebf9cbd247abea37d351a44f89-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">sei arrivato         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-4c2d21e7792d575785d3867f15776f0d-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">sei arrivata         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui<\/em> \/ <em>lei<\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-4564f180db7095a8bc31039dadbdec34-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">lui \u00e8 arrivato         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b28838ef57ca5436e71f5188f9db3f6c-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">lei \u00e8 arrivata         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-26069876c3b04a884a49cc724f27409e-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">noi siamo arrivati         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-4d46cfd0a50dda2b50e57e271bc21961-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">noi siamo arrivate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-57806bbb1e31d902c16b711afef774cb-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">siete arrivati         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b0035e9e9dc4ed6b1fc778ee40cd3b44-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">siete arrivate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-74b52d811a66918c9c2ce906d30d0154-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">sono arrivati         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-ee08a5f023c6fed17385917284aebee9-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">sono arrivate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-649999 from cache -->\n<h3>The Imperfect Tense: <em>L&#8217;imperfetto <\/em><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/imperfect-tense-italian\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Use this tense<\/a> for actions that happened over and over again in the past. If you used to diet and if you used to exercise, but have since stopped, that\u2019s an example of reality acceptance&#8230;I mean, <em>l<\/em><em>\u2019imperfetto<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h4><em>-are<\/em> Verbs<\/h4>\n<p>In the imperfect tense, if a verb ends with <em>-are<\/em>, drop the <em>-are<\/em> and then add the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mangiare<\/em>\u00a0(to eat) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-659999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-659999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Imperfect Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io <\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-552d6a35551b683544584222b0681fb4-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiavo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-avo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu <\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-109f7b61901b9ed7622adf33ed04d3c1-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiavi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-avi<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui <\/em> \/ <em>lei<\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-e8c1102dc600b18bd0ae08ff9201300d-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiava         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ava<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-92c8e72ea07b7d40abb51c6eb98e08e4-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiavamo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-avamo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-4a15afb8e0d7fd9cf45a0a03268762c9-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiavate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-avate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b8ec402753121b96f23a6915b698af57-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangiavano         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-avano<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-659999 from cache -->\n<h4><em>-ere<\/em> Verbs<\/h4>\n<p>For <em>-ere<\/em> verbs, the conjugation is almost exactly the same as for <em>-are<\/em> verbs. You just have to take the <em>-are<\/em> suffixes and change the <em>a<\/em> into an <em>e<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vivere<\/em>\u00a0(to live)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-669999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-669999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Imperfect Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io<\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b30159048b8854c6a7a6fdb01a4008f4-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivevo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-evo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu<\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-805fb7ccae559c7e1717730ce81e4611-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivevi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-evi<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui<\/em> \/ <em>lei<\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-c5c32a1d57109e42ab772cab21d38ff3-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">viveva         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-eva<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-98dc68d0e0b8086363a54852ad15b46c-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivevamo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-evamo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-6806fa147bf36247cd4a57b80e6f481c-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivevate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-evate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-e4a5d7c42709f2f12460651b08bc9990-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">vivevano         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-evano<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-669999 from cache -->\n<h4><em>-ire<\/em> Verbs<\/h4>\n<p>Finally, <em>-ire<\/em> verbs follow the exact same pattern as the two previous verb classes, but this time using an <em>i<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Dormire <\/em>(to sleep)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-679999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-679999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Imperfect Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io<\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-b24d4c73a3ed4f4e17c185550ebac85c-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormivo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ivo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu<\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d2dbe6684750759cf568f64c853ad70b-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormivi         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ivi<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui<\/em> \/ <em>lei<\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-67659399c355c1635c4a1e94dfafea8b-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormiva         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-iva<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi<\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-abcd706ee2ae7d75f3750368682ebc40-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormivamo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ivamo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi<\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d66afbd3ac68ad8ff51166e95d97fd15-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormivate         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ivate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro<\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-d04f35f9714da1932393986ed91085a3-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">dormivano         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ivano<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-679999 from cache -->\n<h3>The Future Tense: <em>Futuro semplice <\/em><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-future-tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The future tense<\/a> refers to actions that will be done in the future. Ask a teenager and he\u2019ll give you a bunch of future (and tense!) actions, like: studying, washing the dishes and cleaning his room. But I digress.<\/p>\n<h4><em>-are<\/em>, <em>-ere<\/em> and <em>-ire<\/em> verbs<\/h4>\n<p>In the future tense, all three verb classes have the same rules. Just drop the letter \u201ce\u201d of <em>-are<\/em>, <em>-ere<\/em> and <em>-ire<\/em> and then add the following ending:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mangiare<\/em>\u00a0(to eat)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-689999\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-689999\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Pronoun<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Imperfect Tense<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Conjugation Ending<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>io <\/em> (I)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-1049569e7e7f3d4de920aefa5da172d7-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">manger\u00f2         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-\u00f2 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>tu <\/em> (you)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-bf3da9d657e54e3a9ebb51056f4a1e02-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangerai         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ai <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>lui <\/em> \/ <em>lei <\/em> (he \/ she)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-69d91d4496a245b032534ce10603a0de-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">manger\u00e0         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-\u00e0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>noi <\/em> (we)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-9e3d9a743b57579a4887adb316caa1a7-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangeremo         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-emo <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>voi <\/em> (you all)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-76a21b93e6c41f1e9d3412a55f08520f-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangerete         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-ete <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><em>loro <\/em> (they)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><em>        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/v1-47b63c4d3a95a5c38377c9c11a2bbe42-neural-Bianca.mp3\" class=\"tts-link\">mangeranno         <\/a>\n    <\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><em>-anno <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-689999 from cache -->\n<h2>Those Irregular Verbs!<\/h2>\n<p><a title=\"Italian Irregular Verbs Fully Conjugated in all Tenses (Learn Italian Verbs Book 1)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B01GEPVA0S\/?tag=fluentu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-amazonimages=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" title=\"Italian Irregular Verbs Fully Conjugated in all Tenses (Learn Italian Verbs Book 1)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/511Po8-BaoL.jpg\" alt=\"Italian Irregular Verbs Fully Conjugated in all Tenses (Learn Italian Verbs Book 1)\" width=\"150\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Getting the rules for the common tenses is challenging enough, but what makes conjugation spicier for language learners is <strong>that Italian has many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-present-tense-irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cirregular\u201d verbs<\/a> <\/strong>that seem to say, \u201cTo heck with those rules.\u201d They don\u2019t follow the conjugation patterns and have rules of their own.<\/p>\n<p>There are different \u201cirregulars\u201d for different tenses, and one way of taming them is by familiarizing yourself with these verbs and committing them to memory. For example, the verbs <em>capire <\/em> (understand), <em>fare \u00a0<\/em>(make), <em>andare <\/em> (go) and <em>potere \u00a0<\/em>(can) are irregulars in the present tense.<\/p>\n<p>You don\u2019t really have to memorize all of them. Irregular verbs aren&#8217;t made equal. <strong>You can just pick the most common ones,<\/strong> like the ones mentioned above, and hammer at them hard. This is a much better use of your time than memorizing every single irregular verb that exists.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t be afraid of irregular verbs. They&#8217;re fairly common, and if you immerse yourself in Italian, you&#8217;ll meet them soon enough. Speaking of which, how exactly do we master verb conjugations? Here are three tips to get you started.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Master Italian Verb Conjugations<\/h2>\n<p>You have all the info at your fingertips. Now, how do you remember it all? And, beyond that\u2014how do you use the correct verb in an actual Italian conversation?<\/p>\n<h3>1. Give conjugated verbs needed context.<\/h3>\n<p>The best way to study verb conjugations is in context. Conjugation charts and multiple-choice quizzes will only get you so far. <strong>If you want these verbs to stick in your head, you have to see them within real-life sentences<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/learn-italian-reading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study material that contains verbs<\/a> can be re-purposed for learning conjugations. This includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-music\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italian songs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Italian-Short-Stories-Beginners-Captivating\/dp\/B07RGGRZNQ?tag=fluentu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">short stories<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Filastrocche-Italiane-Italian-Nursery-Rhymes\/dp\/0984272313?tag=fluentu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nursery rhymes<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/learn-italian-with-movies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">movies<\/a>. Even the comments sections of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-youtube\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Italian YouTubers&#8217; videos<\/a> can be studied!<\/p>\n<p>One tool for studying Italian verb conjugations in context is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/italian\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FluentU<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>FluentU<\/strong> takes authentic videos\u2014like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talks\u2014and turns them into personalized language learning lessons.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>You can try FluentU for free for 2 weeks. Check out the website or download <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/us\/app\/fluentu-learn-language-videos\/id917892175\">the iOS app<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.fluentflix.fluentu&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US\">Android app.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><i><a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">P.S. Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)<\/a><\/i>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/italian\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/try-fluentu-for-free.jpg\" alt=\"FluentU Ad\" \/>\r\n  <p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n    <button class=\"btn-blue\" style=\"border: none;font-size: 18px;text-align: center;padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;cursor: pointer\">\r\n      Try FluentU for FREE!\r\n    <\/button>\r\n  <\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n\r\n\n<h3>2. Write them on walls. Literally and seriously.<\/h3>\n<p>Your memory will thank you if you <strong>learn things by writing them down<\/strong>. That means writing on paper and by hand.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Write everything from conjugation tables to sample sentences<\/strong>. Write them a lot, from left to right, right to left, top-down, bottom-up. Write them in different ways. Write your notes, annotations, questions. Write your own sentences. Write them on walls that you see every day. Write them on post-it notes. Make a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-flashcards-app\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flashcard deck<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>You might think it&#8217;s a waste of time. And it&#8217;s time-consuming, for sure. But this is the kind of thing you need to waste time on.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re talking about mastery here, right?<\/p>\n<p>So go ahead, &#8220;waste&#8221; your time doing this. Wrestle with conjugation tables. <strong>Think through example sentences and write them down<\/strong>. There\u2019s a payoff at the end when that last drop of ink leaves your pen and you find yourself conjugating Italian verbs like a master.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Say them out loud. Again and again.<\/h3>\n<p>You don\u2019t even need somebody to pretend to listen to you as you read sentences out loud. The most important audience is already there: You.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You need to hear yourself speak Italian in order to learn<\/strong>. Try reading what you\u2019ve written in the previous tip. Read these sentences aloud multiple times. You need to hear them over and over. You&#8217;ll start to notice that Italian grammar is tightly coordinated.<\/p>\n<p>And by repeating these verbs again and again, <strong>you&#8217;ll begin to see and hear the patterns in the language<\/strong>. You&#8217;ll even notice that they sometimes rhyme. You&#8217;ll begin to intuitively know what pronoun goes with what conjugation. Not because you remember it as a rule, but because you\u2019ve heard it so many times.<\/p>\n<p>Over time, your work on verb conjugations will become semi-automatic. That is, <strong>instead of being backed by rules, you&#8217;ll operate on intuition<\/strong>. You\u2019ll have heard something a thousand times, so you&#8217;ll feel sure that such and such is the correct form of a verb.<\/p>\n<h2>Common Issues with Italian Verb Conjugations<\/h2>\n<p>Granted, the subject of conjugations isn&#8217;t easy, and admittedly, Italian is a bit harder than English. But that said, <strong>conjugation is still not as hard as it&#8217;s made out to be<\/strong>. I think there are three major problems in the approach to the subject:<\/p>\n<h3>1. The whole subject is covered too fast.<\/h3>\n<p>Many textbooks give a chapter or two to conjugations as if that&#8217;s enough. And the lessons, when they&#8217;re actually taught, are delivered too fast.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>But when you really think about it, <strong>you can&#8217;t just \u201cokay next please!\u201d conjugations<\/strong>. Realistically, as a second language speaker, you get better at it over time, and it takes years of language usage to master.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Italian Grammar, Premium Second Edition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/125958772X\/?tag=fluentu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-amazonimages=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" title=\"Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Italian Grammar, Premium Second Edition\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/51WYdvU1TUL.jpg\" alt=\"Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Italian Grammar, Premium Second Edition\" width=\"150\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>You have to give yourself the time to learn it<\/strong>. Take it slow. Marinate in the topic.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Conjugation is a big, fat topic. <strong>It&#8217;s like a catch-all subject that combines everything you\u2019ve ever learned about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Practice-Makes-Perfect-Complete-Italian\/dp\/125958772X?tag=fluentu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Italian grammar<\/a>\u2014<\/strong>pronouns, tenses, nouns, genders, subject-verb agreement, sentence structure and so on.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Conjugations are taught almost without context.<\/h3>\n<p>Another mistake language learners make is that <strong>they think they can \u201chack\u201d the subject<\/strong> by memorizing rules and then leaving it at that.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As helpful as conjugation tables are, you&#8217;ll forget them quickly unless you also apply conjugation in context.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Context makes things vivid. It\u2019s like seeing things in action. <strong>So study verbs in sentences too<\/strong>. Repurpose the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">language content you\u2019re already using<\/a>\u2014like songs, rhymes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/italian-audiobooks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audiobooks and short stories<\/a>\u2014for learning conjugation. Read children\u2019s stories while paying attention to how the verbs are used, for example.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Mistakes aren&#8217;t encouraged.<\/h3>\n<p>What is it about this subject that makes grammar sticklers out of the sweetest little boys and girls?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s the wrong form! Quick, burn this sinner at the stake!\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Italian language learners need to chill and cut themselves some slack<\/strong>. Seriously.<\/p>\n<p>Even native speakers bungle every now and then. So don\u2019t judge yourself harshly if you get into a kerfuffle.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Guess what? <strong>Native speakers understand you even if you butcher their verbs<\/strong>. (How? Context!) Just try to put yourself in their shoes for a moment. Imagine a kindly non-native English speaker on the subway offers his seat to a struggling old lady by saying, \u201cPlease, sitting down.\u201d Do you not understand it? (And do you not wish to rush to the seat, ahead of the old lady?)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Don\u2019t worry about making mistakes<\/strong>. We learn by making plenty of them early on and then weeding them out over time.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/italian\/how-to-learn-italian-grammar-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mastery comes with practice<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So, we\u2019ve come to the end of this post. <strong>We\u2019ve learned some really healthy attitudes to take on when we tackle verbal conjugations<\/strong>. Again, nobody&#8217;s saying they\u2019re easy, but they don\u2019t have to be any language learner\u2019s nightmare.<\/p>\n<p>If you just take your time, make use of context and allow yourself to commit mistakes, you\u2019ll get the hang of it.<\/p>\n<p>Good luck!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>And One More Thing...<\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\nIf you're as busy as most of us, you don't always have time for lengthy language lessons. <strong><a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> The solution? FluentU<\/a><\/strong>!\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nLearn Italian with funny commericals, documentary excerpts and web series, as you can see here:\r\n<\/p>\r\n<a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2554\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Italian-5.jpg\" alt=\"learn-italian-with-videos\" width=\"307\" height=\"546\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p>\r\nFluentU helps you get comfortable with everyday Italian by combining all the benefits of complete immersion and native-level conversations with <strong>interactive subtitles<\/strong>. Tap on any word to instantly see an image, in-context definition, example sentences and other videos in which the word is used.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2755\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Italian-2.jpg\" alt=\"learn-italian-with-captioned-videos\" width=\"307\" height=\"546\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p>\r\nAccess a complete interactive transcript of every video under the <strong>Dialogue<\/strong> tab, and review words and phrases with convenient audio clips under <strong>Vocab<\/strong>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2555\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Italian-6.jpg\" alt=\"learn-conversational-italian-with-subtitled-dialogue\" width=\"307\" height=\"546\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p>\r\nOnce you've watched a video, you can use FluentU's <strong>quizzes<\/strong> to actively practice all the vocabulary in that video. Swipe left or right to see more examples of the word you\u2019re on.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2556\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Italian-7.jpg\" alt=\"practice-italian-with-adaptive-quizzes\" width=\"307\" height=\"546\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p>\r\nFluentU will even keep track of all the Italian words you\u2019re learning, and give you extra practice with difficult words. Plus, it'll tell you exactly when it's time for review. Now that's a <strong>100% personalized experience<\/strong>!\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nThe best part? You can try FluentU for free with a trial.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nStart using the FluentU website on your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes or Google Play store. <a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you ask former language students where they gave up on learning Italian, or where they thought the end of the road was, it\u2019s here: Italian\u00a0verb conjugations. This may sound&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":70306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"Italian Verb Conjugation: The Essential Guide | FluentU Italian Blog","description":"Italian verb conjugation might be tricky, but we'll break it down for you in this straightforward guide. Read on to learn how to conjugate Italian verbs in the present, past, future and perfect tenses, with conjugation tables for the three major classes of Italian verbs. Study tips and audio examples are included too!"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[420,422],"tags":[],"coauthors":[24],"class_list":["post-70305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-italian","category-italian-grammar-lessons"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/134"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70305"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":254280,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70305\/revisions\/254280"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70305"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=70305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}