{"id":182082,"date":"2022-07-11T15:33:33","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T19:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/learn\/chinese-grammar-guide\/"},"modified":"2025-05-27T08:27:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T12:27:27","slug":"chinese-grammar-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-grammar-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese Grammar: The Complete Guide to 15 Core Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chinese grammar is logical, structural and simple. And to be completely honest, Chinese language structures make more sense to me than grammar rules of other languages\u2014English included.<\/p>\n<p>From measure words to basic sentence structures, learn all the key grammatical elements of the Chinese language system in this guide.<\/p>\n<p>[fluentu-toc skip=3,4]<\/p>\n<h2>1.\u00a0Nouns<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with something easy and familiar.<\/p>\n<p>Nouns in Chinese are the subjects and objects in sentences. In other words, a noun can carry out an action or have an action happen to it.<\/p>\n<p>Be aware that nouns don&#8217;t need to be preceded by articles like &#8220;the&#8221; and &#8220;a\/an,&#8221; since <strong>articles don&#8217;t exist in Chinese<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Gender<\/h3>\n<p>Another thing to look forward to with Chinese nouns is that they lack grammatical genders. You can take a breath now that you don&#8217;t have to worry about words being masculine or feminine!<\/p>\n<h3>Number<\/h3>\n<p>Plurals are yet another element that doesn&#8217;t exist\u00a0for Chinese nouns, or at least not in the way it does in English.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chinese characters don&#8217;t change in structure to indicate plurality<\/strong>. Instead, more characters are added to create a plural meaning, which you&#8217;ll learn more about in the &#8220;Numerals&#8221; and &#8220;Classifiers or Measure Words&#8221; sections of this post, and in this full blog post on the topic:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2tVY43bQ5d\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/plural-in-chinese\/\">3 Easy Ways to Use Plurals in Chinese<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;3 Easy Ways to Use Plurals in Chinese&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/plural-in-chinese\/embed\/#?secret=37QrRMIXIv#?secret=2tVY43bQ5d\" data-secret=\"2tVY43bQ5d\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Placement<\/h3>\n<p>Since they can act as the subject or object of a sentence, Chinese nouns can appear before or after a verb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Noun 1 (Subject) + Verb + Noun 2 (Object)<\/p>\n<h3>Types of Nouns<\/h3>\n<p>There are several familiar categories of Chinese nouns.<\/p>\n<p>You\u2019ve got your <strong>proper nouns<\/strong> that are the unique names of entities, like \u4e2d\u56fd <em>(zh\u014dng gu\u00f3)<\/em> meaning \u201cChina.\u201d You&#8217;ve also got<strong> common nouns<\/strong> that describe people, places or things, like \u997a\u5b50 <em>(ji\u01ceo zi)<\/em> meaning \u201cdumpling.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There are also some categories of nouns that are uniquely Chinese.<\/p>\n<h4>Time Nouns<\/h4>\n<p>As the name suggests, time nouns refer to specific timeframes, such as &#8220;today&#8221; or &#8220;last year.&#8221; Such timeframes only work as nouns and not as adverbs in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>Time nouns are normally placed before or after the subject.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u6628\u5929<\/strong>\u6211\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70e6\u607c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u90a3\u4e48\u9065\u8fdc\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(<strong>zu\u00f3 ti\u0101n<\/strong> w\u01d2 su\u01d2 y\u01d2u de f\u00e1n n\u01ceo s\u00ec h\u016b d\u014du n\u00e0 me y\u00e1o yu\u01cen.)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Yesterday<\/strong>, all my troubles seemed so far away.<\/p>\n<h4>Nouns of Locality<\/h4>\n<p>When talking about the physical position of a noun in relation to another, you\u2019d use a Chinese noun of locality instead of a Chinese preposition.<\/p>\n<p>To understand the difference between nouns of locality and prepositions, let\u2019s look at the English prepositional phrase \u201con top of.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In Chinese, the phrase can be summed up as the word or noun of locality \u4e0a\u9762 <em>(sh\u00e0ng mian)<\/em>, with no need to include any other parts of speech like prepositions or conjunctions.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example sentence using the noun of locality \u524d (<em>qi\u00e1n)<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u673a\u5c31\u5728\u4f60\u9762<strong>\u524d<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(n\u01d0 de sh\u01d2u j\u012b ji\u00f9 z\u00e0i n\u01d0 mi\u00e0n <strong>qi\u00e1n<\/strong>.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Your phone right at you face <strong>front<\/strong>.<br \/>\nYour phone is right <strong>in front of<\/strong> you.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, the literal translation is a bit strange, but the meaning is still pretty much the same as the proper English translation. It\u2019s simply different interpretations of this particular part of speech.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>On to pronouns! Chinese pronouns are quite easy, so this section should be a breeze.<\/p>\n<p>In Chinese, pronouns are words that can be used in place of nouns so we don&#8217;t have to constantly repeat names, titles and objects when making statements.<\/p>\n<h3>Personal Pronouns<\/h3>\n<p>Personal pronouns are substitutes for names, titles and things.<\/p>\n<p>These are the personal pronouns in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211 <em>(w\u01d2)<\/em> \u2014 I, me<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4f60 <em>(n\u01d0)<\/em> \u2014 you<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6 <em>(t\u0101)<\/em> \u2014 he, him<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979 <em>(t\u0101)<\/em> \u2014 she, her<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5b83 <em>(t\u0101)<\/em> \u2014 it<\/p>\n<p>For plural personal pronouns, you&#8217;d just tack on a \u4eec <em>(men)<\/em> to the end of the pronouns, so \u6211\u4eec would be &#8220;we\/us.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that <strong>there are no possessive pronouns in Chinese<\/strong>. To indicate possession, you&#8217;d simply add \u7684 <em>(de)<\/em>, which works for both nouns and pronouns. When you add \u7684 to personal pronouns,\u00a0 \u4f60\u7684 and \u4ed6\/\u5979\u4eec\u7684 become &#8220;your(s)&#8221; and &#8220;their(s).&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Check out the &#8220;12. Particles&#8221; section to learn more about the structural particle \u7684.<\/p>\n<h3>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/h3>\n<p>Demonstrative pronouns are words that point out objects. They can be used together with a noun (&#8220;this apple&#8221;) or on their own (&#8220;this [one]&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9 <em>(zh\u00e8)<\/em> and \u90a3 <em>(n\u00e0)<\/em>, meaning &#8220;this&#8221; and &#8220;that,&#8221; are the bases of all demonstrative pronouns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a <em>(zh\u00e8 ge)<\/em> \u2014 this (one)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8fd9 + classifier + object \u2014 this + object<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u90a3\u4e2a <em>(n\u00e0 g\u00e8)<\/em> \u2014 that (one)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u90a3 + classifier + object \u2014 that + object<\/p>\n<p>To turn these into plurals, just add \u4e9b <em>(xi\u0113)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8fd9\u4e9b <em>(zh\u00e8 xi\u0113)<\/em> \u2014 these (ones)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u90a3\u4e9b <em>(n\u00e0 xi\u0113)<\/em> \u2014 those (ones)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b and \u90a3\u4e9b works for both specific and non-specific objects.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to refer to a specific number of objects, you&#8217;d follow this formula:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8fd9\/\u90a3 + Number + Classifier<\/p>\n<p>See the &#8220;8. Classifiers or Measure Words&#8221; section for more info.<\/p>\n<h3>Interrogative Pronouns or Question Words<\/h3>\n<p>Interrogative pronouns are also known as question words that will help you structure basic questions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8c01 <em>(sh\u00e9i\/shu\u00ed)<\/em> \u2014 who<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ec0\u4e48 <em>(sh\u00e9n me)<\/em> \u2014 what<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019 <em>(sh\u00e9n me sh\u00ed h\u00f2u)<\/em> \u2014 when<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u54ea\u91cc <em>(n\u01ce l\u01d0)<\/em> \u2014 where<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u54ea <em>(n\u01ce)<\/em> \u2014 which<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u600e\u4e48 <em>(z\u011bn me)<\/em> \u2014 how<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u600e\u6837 <em>(z\u011bn y\u00e0ng)<\/em> \u2014 how (to do something)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u51e0 <em>(j\u01d0)<\/em> + classifier \u2014 how many<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u591a\u5c11 <em>(du\u014d sh\u01ceo)<\/em> \u2014 how much<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"uC8KgD0qdV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-question-words\/\">16 Chinese Question Words You Need to Know<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;16 Chinese Question Words You Need to Know&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-question-words\/embed\/#?secret=sXKnKOaHTH#?secret=uC8KgD0qdV\" data-secret=\"uC8KgD0qdV\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>3. Honorifics<\/h2>\n<p>When addressing strangers, elders and professionals, you want to be polite. It\u2019s especially important in Chinese culture because of the custom of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-mike.com\/chinese-culture\/cult-of-face\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saving face<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In Chinese, these respectful titles used in place of personal pronouns are known as honorifics. It\u2019s been<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/magazines\/post-magazine\/short-reads\/article\/3048054\/addressing-emperor-ancient-china-and-evolving\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> in existence for ages<\/a>, and even though some titles are extremely outdated, many are still used in everyday speech.<\/p>\n<p>Like \u201cmadam\u201d and \u201csir\u201d in English, there are \u5973\u58eb <em>(n\u01da sh\u00ec)<\/em> and \u5148\u751f <em>(xi\u0101n sh\u0113ng)<\/em> in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>There are also honorifics for parents, like for \u8001\u5988 <em>(l\u01ceo m\u0101)<\/em> for \u201cMom\u201d and \u8001\u7238 <em>(l\u01ceo b\u00e0)<\/em> for \u201cDad.\u201d Although \u8001 means \u201cold\u201d on its own, it\u2019s more accurately translated as \u201celder\u201d when used in an honorific.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Honorifics are also used for other family members, for recognizing occupational titles and within the workplace.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>Chinese verbs are words that represent the action or state of being of the subject. They also describe what is occurring between the subject and object of a sentence.<\/p>\n<p>If tenses and conjugations stress you out, then you\u2019re in for a treat, since there <strong>aren\u2019t<\/strong> any in Chinese!<\/p>\n<p>All you have to do is learn the &#8220;infinitive&#8221; (unconjugated) form of Chinese verbs and you&#8217;re golden!<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"T0QmEwRntW\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-verbs\/\">30 Common Chinese Verbs for Beginner Mandarin Learners<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;30 Common Chinese Verbs for Beginner Mandarin Learners&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-verbs\/embed\/#?secret=PI8ZyXi8wW#?secret=T0QmEwRntW\" data-secret=\"T0QmEwRntW\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>When you want to change the timeframe of a verb, you&#8217;ll just add a little thing called an aspect particle! Head to the &#8220;Particles&#8221; section to learn more.<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s a myriad of ways to categorize verbs, from action to psychological verbs, transitive vs. intransitive, stative vs. dynamic, etc. Unless you&#8217;re curious or a linguist, it&#8217;s not completely necessary to know all of these distinctions.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>There are, however, some particularities in Chinese verbs that we do need to go over.<\/p>\n<p>If you need some more help with using verbs or any other aspect of the Chinese sentence, the immersion program <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FluentU<\/a> can help. This all-in-one tool lets you learn Chinese naturally, through videos with embedded learning features. <span data-sheets-root=\"1\"><p><strong>FluentU<\/strong> takes authentic videos\u2014like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talks\u2014and turns them into personalized language learning lessons.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<p>You can try FluentU for free for 2 weeks. Check out the website or download <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/us\/app\/fluentu-learn-language-videos\/id917892175\">the iOS app<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.fluentflix.fluentu&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US\">Android app.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><i><a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">P.S. Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)<\/a><\/i>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/NativeAd-Chinese.jpg\" alt=\"FluentU Ad\" \/>\r\n  <p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n    <button class=\"btn-blue\" style=\"border: none;font-size: 18px;text-align: center;padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;cursor: pointer\">\r\n      Try FluentU for FREE!\r\n    <\/button>\r\n  <\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>How to Say &#8220;To Be&#8221; in Chinese<\/h3>\n<p>In English, we&#8217;d use the verb &#8220;to be&#8221; to connect a description to a noun, whether it&#8217;s about their <strong>identity<\/strong>, <strong>state<\/strong>, <strong>location<\/strong>, you name it.<\/p>\n<p>Chinese is a little more particular when expressing the verb &#8220;to be.&#8221;\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u662f <em>(sh\u00ec)<\/em> is the most straightforward dictionary translation for &#8220;to be&#8221; and it&#8217;s worth spending a little time to master its usage.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PjQEcEuJiU\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/shi-chinese\/\">\u662f (sh\u00ec) in Chinese: How to Correctly Use the &#8220;To Be&#8221; Verb<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u662f (sh\u00ec) in Chinese: How to Correctly Use the &#8220;To Be&#8221; Verb&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/shi-chinese\/embed\/#?secret=TIAWRCfEGG#?secret=PjQEcEuJiU\" data-secret=\"PjQEcEuJiU\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u662f is used to <strong>connect two nouns<\/strong>, basically describing one noun as another noun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Noun + \u662f + Noun<\/p>\n<p>You can see it in the sentence below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 sh\u00ec w\u00e0i gu\u00f3 r\u00e9n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>He is a foreigner.<\/p>\n<p>To say that a subject is an adjective, you\u2019d need to use specific words like \u5f88 <em>(h\u011bn)<\/em>. You\u2019ll learn more about this under \u201cAdjectives.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But to indicate a noun&#8217;s <strong>location<\/strong>, you&#8217;d use a different &#8220;to be&#8221; verb: \u5728 <em>(z\u00e0i)<\/em>. It&#8217;s more accurately translated as &#8220;to be at.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979<strong>\u5728<\/strong>\u533b\u9662\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 <strong>z\u00e0i<\/strong> y\u012b yu\u00e0n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>She<strong>&#8216;s\u00a0at<\/strong> the hospital.<\/p>\n<h3>Negation<\/h3>\n<h4>Negation Using \u4e0d <em>(b\u00f9)<\/em>\u00a0<\/h4>\n<p>To negate a verb, or to say that you&#8217;re not carrying out an action, just add a \u4e0d in front of the verb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e0d + Verb<\/p>\n<p>Most verbs, such as words for &#8220;want&#8221; and &#8220;need,&#8221; can be negated with \u4e0d.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s negate the verb \u8981 <em>(y\u00e0o)<\/em> meaning &#8220;to want.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211\u8981 <em>(w\u01d2 y\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 I want<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211\u4e0d\u8981 <em>(w\u01d2 b\u00fa y\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 <em>lit.<\/em> I no want \/ I don&#8217;t want<\/p>\n<h4>Negation Using \u6ca1\/\u6ca1\u6709 <em>(m\u00e9i\/m\u00e9i y\u01d2u)<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>One verb that cannot be negated by \u4e0d is \u6709 meaning &#8220;to have.&#8221; To say &#8220;doesn&#8217;t\/don&#8217;t have,&#8221; you&#8217;d say \u6ca1\u6709.<\/p>\n<p>\u6ca1 is also used to express something that hasn&#8217;t happened yet.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s negate a sentence using \u4e0d and \u6ca1(\u6709) so you can see the differences.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979<strong>\u4e0d<\/strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 <strong>b\u00f9<\/strong> w\u00e1n ch\u00e9ng t\u0101 de zu\u00f2 y\u00e8.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> She <strong>no<\/strong> finish her homework.<br \/>\nShe <strong>doesn&#8217;t<\/strong> finish her homework.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979<strong>\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 <strong>m\u00e9i y\u01d2u<\/strong> w\u00e1n ch\u00e9ng t\u0101 de zu\u00f2 y\u00e8.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> She <strong>not<\/strong> have finish her homework.<br \/>\nShe <strong>didn&#8217;t<\/strong> finish her homework.<\/p>\n<p>By switching \u4e0d out with \u6ca1(\u6709), the meaning changed from the girl not ever finishing her homework to her potentially finishing her homework later on. It&#8217;s just as of this moment in time, her homework isn&#8217;t done yet.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HhvEaWqfRd\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/mei-you\/\">The Ultimate Guide to \u6ca1\u6709 (m\u00e9i y\u01d2u) in Chinese<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Ultimate Guide to \u6ca1\u6709 (m\u00e9i y\u01d2u) in Chinese&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/mei-you\/embed\/#?secret=weHtDVWPLT#?secret=HhvEaWqfRd\" data-secret=\"HhvEaWqfRd\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Verb Reduplication<\/h3>\n<p>If you want to sound more casual, or perhaps lighten your tone while making a demand, you can repeat the verb in a statement. This is called <a href=\"https:\/\/studylib.net\/doc\/7249125\/reduplication-in-mandarin-chinese-and-taiwanese\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">verb reduplication<\/a>, and it&#8217;s mostly reserved for single-character verbs like \u8bd5 <em>(sh\u00ec)<\/em> which means &#8220;to try.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8bd5\u8bd5\u5427\uff01<em>(sh\u00ec sh\u00ec ba!)<\/em> \u2014 <em>lit.<\/em> Try try! \/ Try it out!<\/p>\n<p>You can also use \u4e00 <em>(y\u012b)<\/em>, the character for &#8220;one,&#8221; to separate the repeating characters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u3002<em>(k\u00e0n y\u00ed k\u00e0n)<\/em> \u2014 <em>lit.<\/em> Look one look. \/ Have a look.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>Chinese adjectives are any words that modify people or things in a sentence. To attach an adjective to a noun, certain words must be used in between.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at the different ways to incorporate adjectives in Chinese sentences.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/advanced-chinese-grammar\/<\/p>\n<h3>Using Adjectives with \u5f88 <em>(h\u011bn)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The first way is to pair it with \u5f88. On its own, it means \u201cvery,\u201d but it can be translated as the verb \u201cto be\u201d when you want to attach an adjective to a subject.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Subject + \u5f88 + Adjective<\/p>\n<p>For instance:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5929\u7a7a<strong>\u5f88<\/strong><strong>\u84dd<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(ti\u0101n k\u014dng <strong>h\u011bn l\u00e1n<\/strong>.)<br \/>\n<\/em>The sky <strong>is (very) blue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Technically, you don\u2019t actually have to use \u5f88 to say, \u201cThe sky is blue.\u201d \u5929\u7a7a\u84dd still means the same thing even though there technically isn\u2019t a verb. But more often than not, learners will include \u5f88 to make it a little easier to understand and translate.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"iVGe5kcknQ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-adjectives\/\">The 50 Most Useful Chinese Adjectives for Everyday Conversation<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The 50 Most Useful Chinese Adjectives for Everyday Conversation&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-adjectives\/embed\/#?secret=ctuJhFWRNt#?secret=iVGe5kcknQ\" data-secret=\"iVGe5kcknQ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Using Adjectives with \u7684 <em>(de)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Another way to use Chinese adjectives is with the help of the character \u7684, which would go in between an adjective and a noun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Adjective + \u7684 + Noun<\/p>\n<p>You can see how \u7684 works in this statement:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8fd9\u4e48<strong>\u5c0f\u7684\u811a<\/strong>\uff01<br \/>\n<em>(zh\u00e8 me <strong>xi\u01ceo de ji\u01ceo<\/strong>!)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Such <strong>small of feet<br \/>\n<\/strong>What <strong>tiny feet<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<h3>Using Adjectives with \u53c8 <em>(y\u00f2u)<\/em>&#8230;\u53c8<\/h3>\n<p>To use two adjectives, you can use this formula featuring the adverb \u53c8, which actually means \u201cagain\u201d when used on its own.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u53c8 + Adjective 1 + \u53c8 + Adjective 2<\/p>\n<p>This would roughly translate to \u201cto be&#8230;and\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6<strong>\u53c8\u5927\u53c8\u9ad8<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 <strong>y\u00f2u d\u00e0 y\u00f2u g\u0101o<\/strong>.)<br \/>\n<\/em>He <strong>is big and tall<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IeTJxKvIq6\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-adjectives-to-describe-a-person\/\">28 Must-know Chinese Adjectives to Describe a Person<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;28 Must-know Chinese Adjectives to Describe a Person&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-adjectives-to-describe-a-person\/embed\/#?secret=mDbO426Zn5#?secret=IeTJxKvIq6\" data-secret=\"IeTJxKvIq6\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Comparatives and Superlatives<\/h3>\n<p>Comparatives are adjectives that draw comparisons between two objects, while superlatives are used to describe objects as the highest degree of an adjective.<\/p>\n<p>In Chinese, there are specific words you can use alongside an adjective if you want to create comparatives and superlatives.<\/p>\n<p>To say \u201cthe biggest cookie,\u201d you would use \u6700 <em>(zu\u00ec)<\/em> and then use the Adjective + \u7684 + Noun formula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u6700<\/strong>\u5927\u7684\u997c\u5e72 <em>(<strong>zu\u00ec<\/strong> d\u00e0 de b\u01d0ng g\u0101n)<\/em> \u2014 The bigg<strong>est<\/strong> cookie<\/p>\n<h2>6. Adverbs<\/h2>\n<p>Chinese adverbs are descriptive words that can modify verbs and adjectives. They can also modify other adverbs to indicate the degree of the description, like the word \u6700 which we previously encountered in &#8220;Comparatives and Superlatives.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It can be a little tricky navigating Chinese adverbs, as translations sometimes blur the lines between adverbs, adjectives and sometimes even verbs.<\/p>\n<p>But it&#8217;s nothing to really fret about. As you come across new adverbs, you&#8217;ll learn where they&#8217;re supposed to be placed and the roles they play in sentences.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gMHzEGtrAk\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-adverbs\/\">48 Chinese Adverbs You Need to Sound More Native<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;48 Chinese Adverbs You Need to Sound More Native&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-adverbs\/embed\/#?secret=pmmjcoLn8u#?secret=gMHzEGtrAk\" data-secret=\"gMHzEGtrAk\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Adverbs of Time, Frequency and Place<\/h3>\n<p>Generally, adverbs related to time, frequency and place are located in between the subject and verb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Subject + Adverb of Time\/Frequency\/Place + Verb<\/p>\n<p>You can see it in this example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211<strong>\u9a6c\u4e0a<\/strong>\u5230\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(w\u01d2 m\u01ce sh\u00e0ng d\u00e0o le)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> I <strong>immediately<\/strong> arrived.<br \/>\nI&#8217;ll be there <strong>soon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Adverbs of Manner<\/h3>\n<p>Adverbs of manner, or adverbs describing how the action was carried out, can be placed before or after the verb as shown in the two examples below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6<strong>\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d<\/strong>\u505a\u996d\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 <strong>j\u012b h\u016b b\u00fa<\/strong> zu\u00f2 f\u00e0n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>He <strong>hardly<\/strong> cooks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8001\u4eba\u5f00\u5f97<strong>\u5f88<\/strong>\u6162\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(l\u01ceo r\u00e9n k\u0101i d\u00e9 <strong>h\u011bn<\/strong> m\u00e0n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>The elderly man drives <strong>(very)<\/strong> slowly.<\/p>\n<p>Some adverbs of manner can double up as the verb of the sentence, like \u975e\u5e38 <em>(f\u0113i ch\u00e1ng)<\/em> in this sentence:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5496\u5561<strong>\u975e\u5e38\u70eb<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(k\u0101 f\u0113i <strong>f\u0113i ch\u00e1ng<\/strong> t\u00e0ng.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Coffee <strong>very<\/strong> hot.<br \/>\nThe coffee <strong>is very<\/strong> hot.<\/p>\n<h3>Adverbials<\/h3>\n<p>Adverbials are kind of like extended adverbs\u2014they describe the time, manner and location associated with the verb of the sentence. If you want to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/how-to-learn-chinese-grammar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">level up your grammar<\/a>, you should definitely practice creating adverbials.<\/p>\n<p>Adverbials are always placed in between the subject and the verb.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s pretty rare for adverbials to include time, manner and location, but if you want to include all of that info, just remember to mention them in that order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211<strong>\u7acb\u523b\u4ece\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e0a<\/strong>\u7ad9\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(w\u01d2 <strong>l\u00ec k\u00e8 c\u00f3ng zu\u00f2 w\u00e8i sh\u00e0ng<\/strong> zh\u00e0n le q\u01d0 l\u00e1i)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> I immediately from the seat stood up.<br \/>\nI <strong>immediately<\/strong> stood up <strong>from my seat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Numerals<\/h2>\n<p>I love the logic of Chinese numbers.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to be able to count to over 10,000, you only really need to know 13 characters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e00 <em>(y\u012b)<\/em> \u2014 one<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e8c <em>(\u00e8r)<\/em> \u2014 two<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e09 <em>(s\u0101n)<\/em> \u2014 three<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u56db <em>(s\u00ec)<\/em> \u2014 four<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e94 <em>(w\u01d4)<\/em> \u2014 five<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u516d <em>(li\u00f9)<\/em> \u2014 six<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e03 <em>(q\u012b)<\/em> \u2014 seven<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u516b <em>(b\u0101)<\/em> \u2014 eight<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e5d <em>(ji\u01d4)<\/em> \u2014 nine<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5341 <em>(sh\u00ed)<\/em> \u2014 ten<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e00\u767e <em>(y\u00ec b\u01cei)<\/em> \u2014 100<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e00\u5343 <em>(y\u00ec qi\u0101n)<\/em> \u2014 1,000<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e00\u4e07 <em>(y\u00ed w\u00e0n)<\/em> \u2014 10,000<\/p>\n<p>Knowing these will help you build much larger numbers, like the ones below.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5341\u4e03 <em>(sh\u00ed q\u012b)<\/em> \u2014 17<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d <em>(ji\u01d4 sh\u00ed ji\u01d4)<\/em> \u2014 99<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e09\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e94 <em>(s\u0101n b\u01cei li\u00f9 sh\u00ed w\u01d4)<\/em> \u2014 365<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e8c\u5343\u4e8c <em>(\u00e8r\/li\u01ceng qi\u0101n \u00e8r)<\/em> \u2014 2,002<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u516d\u767e <em>(w\u01d4 sh\u00ed \u00e8r w\u00e0n w\u01d4 qi\u0101n li\u00f9 b\u01cei)<\/em> \u2014 525,600<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"um1HpSUz7A\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-numbers\/\">Chinese Numbers Guide: How to Count from 1-1000 and Beyond<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Chinese Numbers Guide: How to Count from 1-1000 and Beyond&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-numbers\/embed\/#?secret=to0dd82Kj2#?secret=um1HpSUz7A\" data-secret=\"um1HpSUz7A\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Ordinal Numbers<\/h3>\n<p>Ordinal numbers are what you&#8217;d use to show the rank of a noun, like &#8220;first place&#8221; or &#8220;seventh sin.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Thankfully, you don&#8217;t need to learn a whole new set of words for Chinese ordinal numbers.<\/p>\n<p>All you need to do is add \u7b2c <em>(d\u00ec)<\/em> before a number, so &#8220;seventh&#8221; and &#8220;thirteenth&#8221; would be \u7b2c\u4e03 <em>(d\u00ec q\u012b)<\/em> and \u7b2c\u5341\u4e09 <em>(d\u00ec sh\u00ed s\u0101n)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to describe a specific object&#8217;s rank, just use the formula below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u7b2c + Number + Classifier + Object<\/p>\n<p>You\u2019ll learn more about classifiers in the next section, but here\u2019s an example using that formula:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898 <em>(d\u00ec ji\u01d4 sh\u00ed ji\u01d4 g\u00e8 w\u00e8n t\u00ed) <\/em>\u2014 lit. The 99th of problem \/ The 99th problem<\/p>\n<h3>Approximate Numbers<\/h3>\n<p>For vague sums of numbers, these are some of the words you can use:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u51e0 <em>(j\u01d0)<\/em> \u2014 a value between two and nine; some, several<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5341\u51e0 <em>(sh\u00ed j\u01d0)<\/em> \u2014 more than 10; dozen<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u51e0\u5341 <em>(j\u01d0 sh\u00ed)<\/em> \u2014 a value between 20 and 99; tens of; dozens<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u226510 + \u591a <em>(du\u014d)<\/em> + Classifier \u2014 more than any number greater than or equal to 10<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&lt;10 + Classifier + \u591a \u2014 more than any number less than 10<\/p>\n<h2>8. Classifiers or Measure Words<\/h2>\n<p>Chinese is a little particular when it comes to quantifying objects. Rather than outright saying, &#8220;six apples,&#8221; you&#8217;d have to say something close to, &#8220;six <em>of<\/em> apples.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>That &#8220;of&#8221; is what&#8217;s called a classifier or measure word in Chinese. It&#8217;s basically a quantifier that connects a number to the noun in question, which is how plurals work in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Number + Measure Word + Noun<\/p>\n<p>Note that this formula works with exact, ordinal and approximate numbers.<\/p>\n<p>So &#8220;six apples&#8221; would be \u516d<strong>\u4e2a<\/strong>\u82f9\u679c <em>(li\u00f9 <strong>g\u00e8<\/strong> p\u00edng gu\u01d2)<\/em> rather than \u516d\u82f9\u679c, where \u4e2a is the measure word.<\/p>\n<p>While \u4e2a can be used as a general classifier, most objects have specific measure words they need to be paired with.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the appropriate classifier for clothes is \u4ef6, with the exception of socks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4e09<strong>\u4ef6<\/strong>\u886c\u886b <em>(s\u0101n <strong>ji\u00e0n<\/strong> ch\u00e8n sh\u0101n)<\/em> \u2014 three shirts<\/p>\n<p>And anything that comes in pairs, like socks, would be \u53cc <em>(shu\u0101ng)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5341<strong>\u53cc<\/strong>\u889c\u5b50 <em>(sh\u00ed <strong>shu\u0101ng<\/strong> w\u00e0 zi)<\/em> \u2014 ten <strong>pairs of<\/strong> socks<\/p>\n<h3>Verbal Classifiers<\/h3>\n<p>There are also classifiers for verbs, which are used to indicate the number of times an action has occurred. The most commonly used verbal classifier is \u6b21 <em>(c\u00ec)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Verb + Number + Verbal Classifier<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s what a verbal classifier looks like in a sentence:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6\u53bb\u8fc7\u6c34\u7597\u4e2d\u5fc3\u51e0<strong>\u6b21<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 q\u00f9 gu\u00f2 shu\u01d0 li\u00e1o zh\u014dng x\u012bn j\u01d0 <strong>c\u00ec<\/strong>.)<br \/>\n<\/em>He&#8217;s been to the spa several times.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Onomatopoeia<\/h2>\n<p>Like any other language, Chinese has onomatopoeia or its own interpretations of noises and sounds.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at laughter.<\/p>\n<p>English has a ton of variations of laughing onomatopoeia, such as &#8220;haha,&#8221; &#8220;hehe&#8221; and &#8220;teehee.&#8221; It&#8217;s the same in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u54c8\u54c8 <em>(h\u0101 h\u0101)<\/em> \u2014 haha<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5475\u5475 <em>(h\u0113 h\u0113)<\/em> \u2014 haha<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u563f\u563f <em>(h\u0113i h\u0113i)<\/em> \u2014 hey hey; a cross between haha and hehe<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u563b\u563b<em> (x\u012b x\u012b)<\/em> \u2014 snicker<\/p>\n<p>In addition to human sounds, there&#8217;s onomatopoeia for animals, collisions and nature. Most of the time, you\u2019ll see onomatopoeia reduplicated as shown above, though there are also additional patterns.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"AHQ2wKuzRI\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/onomatopoeia-chinese\/\">The Complete Guide to Onomatopoeia in Chinese<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Complete Guide to Onomatopoeia in Chinese&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/onomatopoeia-chinese\/embed\/#?secret=4wrQzCx7Y2#?secret=AHQ2wKuzRI\" data-secret=\"AHQ2wKuzRI\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>10. Prepositions or Coverbs<\/h2>\n<p>The parts of speech mentioned up until this point are known as &#8220;content words&#8221; or \u5b9e\u8bcd <em>(sh\u00ed c\u00ed)<\/em>. Content words are elements that describe actions, objects or ideas.<\/p>\n<p>And then there are &#8220;function words&#8221; or \u865a\u8bcd <em>(x\u016b c\u00ed)<\/em>. Function words describe the relationship between content words, such as prepositions. Prepositions indicate a noun&#8217;s position or direction relative to another noun.<\/p>\n<p>In Chinese, <strong>prepositions are often referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jexR3qxcJUE&amp;ab_channel=TheAudiopedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coverbs<\/a><\/strong> since they\u2019re actually derived from verbs.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Take a look at \u5728, a verb that translates as &#8220;to be at&#8221; that can also function as the preposition \u201cat.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve used \u5728 as both a verb and preposition in my examples throughout the guide, but I\u2019ll give you a couple more so you can compare them easily.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728 as a verb:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5988\u5988<strong>\u5728<\/strong>\u5bb6\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(m\u0101 m\u0101 <strong>z\u00e0i<\/strong> ji\u0101 ma?)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Mom <strong>is<\/strong> home?<br \/>\n<strong>Is<\/strong> Mom home?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728 as a preposition:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5750<strong>\u5728<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(n\u01d0 b\u00f9 n\u00e9ng zu\u00f2 <strong>z\u00e0i<\/strong> zh\u00e8 l\u01d0.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> You can\u2019t sit <strong>at<\/strong> here.<br \/>\nYou can\u2019t sit here.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, the Chinese idea of \u201cat\u201d doesn\u2019t always translate into English. Also, take note that the prepositional \u5728 is always followed by a noun of locality.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5728 + Noun of Locality<\/p>\n<p>Other Chinese prepositions are also specific to certain nouns or verbs. You can find prepositions before or after verbs, between nouns, etc. Because of this, you\u2019ll have to just learn the appropriate sentence patterns as you come across new prepositions.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"mGjOgN4cq4\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-prepositions\/\">25 Common Chinese Prepositions and How to Use Them<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;25 Common Chinese Prepositions and How to Use Them&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-prepositions\/embed\/#?secret=hHKmTMFvHj#?secret=mGjOgN4cq4\" data-secret=\"mGjOgN4cq4\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>11. Conjunctions<\/h2>\n<p>Conjunctions are another category of function words.<\/p>\n<p>Chinese conjunctions are little words used to connect ideas in a sentence. There are those that describe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/and-in-chinese\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coordinating \u201cand\u201d relationships<\/a>, alternative \u201cor\u201d relationships, adversative \u201cbut\u201d relationships, conditional \u201cif\u201d relationships, among others.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Some Chinese conjunctions are specifically used to connect words or phrases, like \u548c <em>(h\u00e9)<\/em> meaning \u201cand.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8fd9\u4e9b<strong>\u548c<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e9b <em>(zh\u00e8 xi\u0113 h\u00e9 n\u00e0 xi\u0113)<\/em> \u2014 these and those<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"3VSQUPYhdd\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/and-in-chinese\/\">11 Ways to Say &#8220;And&#8221; in Chinese [With Audio and Quiz]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;11 Ways to Say &#8220;And&#8221; in Chinese [With Audio and Quiz]&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/and-in-chinese\/embed\/#?secret=htB0wOTTWZ#?secret=3VSQUPYhdd\" data-secret=\"3VSQUPYhdd\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Other Chinese conjunctions are used to connect clauses or sentences.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211\u60f3\u53bb\u6d77\u6ee9\uff0c<strong>\u4f46<\/strong>\u4e0b\u96e8\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(w\u01d2 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 h\u01cei t\u0101n, <strong>d\u00e0n<\/strong> xi\u00e0 y\u01d4 le.)<br \/>\n<\/em>I want to go to the beach <strong>but<\/strong> it\u2019s raining.<\/p>\n<p>In some cases, two conjunctions can be used in a sentence, like \u56e0\u4e3a <em>(y\u012bn w\u00e9i)<\/em> and \u6240\u4ee5 <em>(su\u01d2 y\u01d0)<\/em> which mean \u201cbecause\u201d and \u201ctherefore\u201d when used separately.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u4e0a\u73ed\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(y\u012bn w\u00e9i j\u012bn ti\u0101n w\u01d2 sh\u0113ng b\u00ecng le, su\u01d2 y\u01d0 w\u01d2 m\u00e9i y\u01d2u q\u00f9 sh\u00e0ng b\u0101n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>Because I\u2019m sick today, I didn\u2019t go to work.<\/p>\n<h2>12. Particles<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-particles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Particles are function words<\/a> pronounced with the neutral fifth tone. They also don&#8217;t mean anything on their own. However, they do impart meaning when they&#8217;re included in sentences.<\/p>\n<p>Particles are used to define the mood, time or relationship between sentence elements.<\/p>\n<p>There are three categories of particles. Some particles have multiple functions and fall under more than one category.<\/p>\n<h3>Modal Particles<\/h3>\n<p>Literally translated as &#8220;tone words,&#8221; modal particles determine the mood or attitude of a statement.<\/p>\n<p>A common modal particle would be \u554a <em>(a)<\/em>, which is used to heighten the emotion of a statement. \u554a adds excitement or a sense of urgency.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5feb\u70b9<strong>\u554a<\/strong>\uff01<br \/>\n<em>(ku\u00e0i di\u01cen <strong>a<\/strong>!)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Fast a bit!<br \/>\nHurry up!<\/p>\n<p>\u5417 <em>(ma)<\/em>, \u5427 <em>(ba)<\/em> and \u5462 <em>(ne)<\/em> are additional examples of modal particles that you can learn more about under the &#8220;Questions&#8221; section.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"qKsWe8RINi\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-particles\/\">12 Most Common Chinese Particles<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;12 Most Common Chinese Particles&#8221; &#8212; FluentU Language Learning\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-particles\/embed\/#?secret=kGDPidE7Aa#?secret=qKsWe8RINi\" data-secret=\"qKsWe8RINi\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Aspect Particles<\/h3>\n<p>Since Chinese doesn&#8217;t operate with tenses, it relies on something called aspect particles.<\/p>\n<p>Aspect particles indicate how a verb works in a given timeframe. They can show if an action is complete, ongoing, was ongoing for a period of time, etc.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e86 <em>(le)<\/em> is an aspect particle that indicates a complete action. It&#8217;s like the simple past tense in English.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u79bb\u5f00<strong>\u4e86<\/strong>\u6d3e\u5bf9\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 men t\u00ed qi\u00e1n l\u00ed k\u0101i <strong>le<\/strong> p\u00e0i du\u00ec.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> They early <strong>left<\/strong> party.<br \/>\nThey <strong>left<\/strong> the party early.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e86 can also work as a modal particle to show a sudden change in circumstance or state.<\/p>\n<h3>Structural Particles<\/h3>\n<p>Lastly, structural particles are there to describe the relationship between content words. You can think of them as the glue that connects content words.<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ve actually already come across a structural particle. Remember \u7684?<\/p>\n<p>To reiterate, \u7684 is used to create the equivalent of English possessive pronouns and generally shows one noun belonging to another.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Noun + <strong>\u7684<\/strong> + Noun<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211\u4eec<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5047\u671f <em>(w\u01d2 men <strong>de<\/strong> ji\u00e0 q\u012b)<\/em> \u2014 Our vacation<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve also already learned that it\u2019s used to attach an adjective to a noun.<\/p>\n<p>Another example of a structural particle is \u5f97 <em>(de)<\/em>, which is used to modify verbs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Verb + <strong>\u5f97<\/strong> + Complement<\/p>\n<p>The complement is a phrase that describes the degree to which the action is done. In the phrase \u201csing really well,\u201d \u201creally well\u201d would be the complement.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s what it would look like in Chinese:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5531<strong>\u5f97<\/strong>\u5f88\u597d <em>(ch\u00e0ng <strong>de<\/strong> h\u011bn h\u01ceo)<\/em> \u2014 Sing really well<\/p>\n<h2>13. Sentence Structure<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s talk about the basic sentence structures in Chinese that begin with the subject.<\/p>\n<p>As you progress, you&#8217;ll learn some other constructions, but it&#8217;s best to start with SVO sentences before getting more creative with your sentences.<\/p>\n<h3>Basic Sentence Formulas<\/h3>\n<h4>Subject + Verb + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>Here&#8217;s one you should be very familiar with. Like in English, the most basic sentence structure in Chinese is SVO.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6\u5403\u725b\u6392\u3002<br \/>\n(<em>t\u0101 ch\u012b ni\u00fa p\u00e1i.)<br \/>\n<\/em>He eats steak.<\/p>\n<p>You can also have sentences without an object.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5988\u5988\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(m\u0101 m\u0101 g\u014dng zu\u00f2.)<br \/>\n<\/em>Mom works.<\/p>\n<h4>Subject + Time When + Verb + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>If you want to indicate an exact time for an action, you&#8217;d use this formula.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s build off that SV sentence:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5988\u5988<strong>\u5468\u672b<\/strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(m\u0101 m\u0101 <strong>zh\u014du m\u00f2<\/strong> g\u014dng zu\u00f2.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Mom <strong>weekend<\/strong> works.<br \/>\nMom works (on) weekends.<\/p>\n<h4>Subject + Time When + Location + Verb + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>To add a location to that sentence, you&#8217;d add the preposition <strong>\u5728<\/strong><strong>\u00a0+ location<\/strong> in between the time when and the verb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5988\u5988\u5468\u672b<strong>\u5728<\/strong><strong>\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(m\u0101 m\u0101 zh\u014du m\u00f2 <strong>z\u00e0i t\u00fa sh\u016b gu\u01cen<\/strong> g\u014dng zu\u00f2.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Mom weekend <strong>at the library<\/strong> works.<br \/>\nMom works <strong>at the library<\/strong> on weekends.<\/p>\n<h4>Subject + Time When + Verb + Location<\/h4>\n<p>If there is no object in the sentence, another way to incorporate location is by placing it at the end of your statement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5988\u5988\u5468\u672b\u5de5\u4f5c<strong>\u5728<\/strong><strong>\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(m\u0101 m\u0101 zh\u014du m\u00f2 g\u014dng zu\u00f2 <strong>z\u00e0i t\u00fa sh\u016b gu\u01cen<\/strong>.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> Mom weekend works <strong>at the library<\/strong>.<br \/>\nMom works <strong>at the library<\/strong> on weekends.<\/p>\n<h4>Subject + Time When + Location + Verb + (Object) + Time Duration<\/h4>\n<p>Need to add more details? If you want to add a timeframe within the time when the action is carried out, place that time duration at the end of the statement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5988\u5988\u5468\u672b\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5de5\u4f5c<strong>\u5341\u4e2a\u5c0f<\/strong><strong>\u65f6<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(m\u0101 m\u0101 zh\u014du m\u00f2 z\u00e0i t\u00fa sh\u016b gu\u01cen g\u014dng zu\u00f2 <strong>sh\u00ed g\u00e8 xi\u01ceo sh\u00ed<\/strong>.)<br \/>\n<\/em>Mom weekend at the library works <strong>ten hours<\/strong>.<br \/>\nMom works at the library <strong>for ten hours<\/strong> on weekends.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZfPG9IN9S6\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-sentence-structures\/\">5 Basic Chinese Sentence Structures to Ease You into Grammar<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;5 Basic Chinese Sentence Structures to Ease You into Grammar&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-sentence-structures\/embed\/#?secret=iI1A2Yc8zZ#?secret=ZfPG9IN9S6\" data-secret=\"ZfPG9IN9S6\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Sentences Using \u628a <em>(b\u01ce) <\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The \u628a sentence construction can be a bit challenging, and it doesn&#8217;t follow the basic sentence constructions mentioned above.<\/p>\n<p>To put it simply, <strong>\u628a sentences are used to emphasize what happened to or needs to be done to an object<\/strong>. This is different from the basic sentence patterns since the focus is on the subject doing the action.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s almost like the difference between &#8220;She takes out her wallet&#8221; and &#8220;She takes her wallet out of her pocket.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In the first sentence, the spotlight is on the action of the woman, while the second sentence draws more attention to what&#8217;s specifically been done to the object.<\/p>\n<p>There are certain conditions where a \u628a sentence would be used:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The object of the sentence had to be previously discussed.<\/li>\n<li>The verb is attached with specific details.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The most basic \u628a construction looks like this:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Subject + \u628a + Object + Verbal Phrase<\/p>\n<p>Going back to that example from earlier, here&#8217;s what it would look like in Chinese:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979<strong>\u628a<\/strong>\u94b1\u5305\u4ece\u53e3\u888b\u91cc\u62ff\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 <strong>b\u01ce<\/strong> qi\u00e1n b\u0101o c\u00f3ng k\u01d2u d\u00e0i l\u01d0 n\u00e1 le ch\u016b l\u00e1i.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> She <strong>put<\/strong> wallet from pocket inside take out.<br \/>\nShe takes her wallet out of her pocket.<\/p>\n<p>Although \u628a on its own means &#8220;put&#8221; in English, it doesn&#8217;t get translated in a \u628a sentence.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Questions can also be formed using the \u628a construction, which you can read more about in the next section or in the post below.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"AmBR9APZAd\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-ba-sentences\/\">How to Use Ba in Chinese Correctly: All Usages + Practice Tips<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How to Use Ba in Chinese Correctly: All Usages + Practice Tips&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-ba-sentences\/embed\/#?secret=AI4cxIVXBt#?secret=AmBR9APZAd\" data-secret=\"AmBR9APZAd\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>14. Questions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Chinese:<\/strong> \u95ee\u9898 <em>(w\u00e8n t\u00ed)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>There are lots of different ways to ask questions in Chinese. Although some question formulas may be a little unfamiliar to you, they&#8217;re pretty straightforward.<\/p>\n<p>There are a few ways of forming questions, such as using question words\/interrogative pronouns or adding modal particles.<\/p>\n<h3>Questions Using Interrogative Pronouns<\/h3>\n<p>There are four basic formulas for forming questions featuring interrogative pronouns and other question words:<\/p>\n<h4>Question Word + Verb + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>This one is similar to WH-questions in English and mostly for the question word \u8c01, as seen below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u8c01<\/strong>\u8981\u85af\u6761\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(<strong>shu\u00ed<\/strong> y\u00e0o sh\u01d4 ti\u00e1o?)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Who<\/strong> wants fries?<\/p>\n<h4>Question Word + Subject + Verb + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>This is also a familiar format for English speakers which is used for the question word \u54ea\u4e2a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u54ea\u4e2a<\/strong>\u6709\u82b1\u751f\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(<strong>n\u01ce g\u00e8<\/strong> y\u01d2u hu\u0101 sh\u0113ng?)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Which (one)<\/strong> has peanuts?<\/p>\n<h4>Subject + Verb + Question Word + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>Here&#8217;s where question formulas stray from English. This is the most common format, normally used for the question words like \u54ea\u91cc, \u54ea\u4e2a, \u4ec0\u4e48, \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019 and \u51e0\u4e2a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Subject + \u662f +\u8c01?<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4f60\u8981<strong>\u51e0\u4e2a<\/strong>\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(n\u01d0 y\u00e0o <strong>j\u01d0 g\u00e8<\/strong>?)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> You want <strong>how many<\/strong>?<br \/>\n<strong>How many<\/strong> do you want?<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s also used for questions asking, &#8220;Who is he\/she?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8c01\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 men sh\u00ec shu\u00ed?)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> They are who?<br \/>\nWho are they?<\/p>\n<h4>Subject + Question Word + Verb + (Object)<\/h4>\n<p>This is the format for \u4ec0\u4e48, \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019 and \u600e\u4e48.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4f60<strong>\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong><strong>\u65f6\u5019<\/strong>\u79bb\u5f00\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(n\u01d0 <strong>sh\u00e9n me sh\u00ed h\u00f2u<\/strong> l\u00ed k\u0101i?)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>lit.<\/em> You <strong>when<\/strong> leave?<br \/>\n<strong>When<\/strong> do you leave?<\/p>\n<h3>Questions Using \u5417 <em>(ma)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>If you want to <strong>ask simple Y\/N questions in Chinese<\/strong>, you need to use the modal particle \u5417.<\/p>\n<p>These are super easy to formulate since you just tack \u5417 onto the end of a sentence. This works with SVO sentences and other basic sentence structures.<\/p>\n<p>To show you how effortless it is, take a look at the statement below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(t\u0101 f\u00f9 zh\u00e0ng d\u0101n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>She pays the bills.<\/p>\n<p>Add \u5417 and you get:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u5979\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355<strong>\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>(t\u0101 f\u00f9 zh\u00e0ng d\u0101n <strong>ma?<\/strong>)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Does<\/strong> she pay the bills?<\/p>\n<p>Although there is no direct translation for \u5417, it&#8217;s often understood as the auxiliary verb in English Y\/N questions.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"pANjaJGwog\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-ma\/\">How to Practice Tones and Questions with the Chinese Ma<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How to Practice Tones and Questions with the Chinese Ma&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-ma\/embed\/#?secret=SDMxleiisX#?secret=pANjaJGwog\" data-secret=\"pANjaJGwog\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Questions Using \u5427 <em>(ba)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5427 is reserved for questions where you&#8217;re seeking confirmation or looking for the person to agree with you.<\/strong> This is still kind of like a Y\/N question where you&#8217;re expecting the answer to be &#8220;yes.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Many learners tend to mix up \u5427 and \u5417 since they&#8217;re both used in Y\/N questions. But if you take a bit of time to understand their nuanced grammatical uses, it&#8217;s actually not that difficult.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VHg3e0Ftec\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/mandarin-chinese-grammar-patterns-structures\/\">13 Useful Chinese Grammar Structures for Beginners<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;13 Useful Chinese Grammar Structures for Beginners&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/mandarin-chinese-grammar-patterns-structures\/embed\/#?secret=kpSCrAb2vH#?secret=VHg3e0Ftec\" data-secret=\"VHg3e0Ftec\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In English, it&#8217;s the equivalent of adding &#8220;is\/isn&#8217;t it?&#8221; or &#8220;right?&#8221; to the end of a statement.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s use the sentence below as an example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u6700\u540e\u671f\u9650\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(j\u012bn ti\u0101n sh\u00ec zu\u00ec h\u00f2u q\u012b xi\u00e0n.)<br \/>\n<\/em>Today is the deadline.<\/p>\n<p>Add \u5427 to the end and your statement turns into a question seeking confirmation:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u6700\u540e\u671f\u9650<strong>\u5427\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>(j\u012bn ti\u0101n sh\u00ec zu\u00ec h\u00f2u q\u012b xi\u00e0n <strong>ba?<\/strong>)<br \/>\n<\/em>Today is the deadline, <strong>isn&#8217;t it?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you want the person to agree with you instead of asking for confirmation, you&#8217;d use \u5bf9\u5427 <em>(du\u00ec ba)<\/em> instead. This is slightly more nuanced but it&#8217;s important to understand the differences here:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u6700\u540e\u671f\u9650\uff0c<strong>\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>(j\u012bn ti\u0101n sh\u00ec zu\u00ec h\u00f2u q\u012b xi\u00e0n, <strong>du\u00ec ba?<\/strong>)<br \/>\n<\/em>Today is the deadline, <strong>right?<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Questions Using \u5462 <em>(ne)<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The modal particle <strong>\u5462 is used to form &#8220;how\/what about&#8221; and &#8220;and you?&#8221; questions<\/strong>. It comes up in conversation as a question after a statement is made.<\/p>\n<p>Statement. Subject + \u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211\u4e0d\u5403\u8089\u3002<strong>\u4f60\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>(w\u01d2 b\u00f9 ch\u012b r\u00f2u. n\u01d0 ne?)<br \/>\n<\/em>I don&#8217;t eat meat. <strong>What about you?<\/strong> \/ <strong>How about you?<\/strong>\/ <strong>And you?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You can also use \u5462 when you want to ask where someone or something is. It&#8217;s also an alternative to a \u54ea\u91cc question, normally working as a follow-up instead of a standalone question.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Missing object + \u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>This is what it would look like in a dialogue:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">A: \u53a8\u623f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<br \/>\n<em>(ch\u00fa f\u00e1ng z\u00e0i n\u01ce li?)<br \/>\n<\/em>Where&#8217;s the kitchen?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">B: \u5728\u8d70\u5eca\u5c3d\u5934\u3002<br \/>\n(z\u00e0i z\u01d2u l\u00e1ng j\u00ecn t\u00f3u.)<br \/>\nAt the end of the hallway.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">A: \u5395\u6240<strong>\u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>(c\u00e8 su\u01d2 <strong>ne?<\/strong>)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Where&#8217;s<\/strong> the bathroom? \/ <strong>What about<\/strong> the bathroom?<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"FpTBCIDNrZ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-ne\/\">The 6 Main Uses of the Chinese Ne (\u5462) Modal Particle<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The 6 Main Uses of the Chinese Ne (\u5462) Modal Particle&#8221; &#8212; FluentU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/chinese\/chinese-ne\/embed\/#?secret=iLS5oVexNY#?secret=FpTBCIDNrZ\" data-secret=\"FpTBCIDNrZ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>15. Punctuation Marks<\/h2>\n<p>Last but not least, we have Chinese punctuation!<\/p>\n<p>Knowing these tiny little marks makes a huge impact when it comes to learning Chinese grammar, helping you separate ideas correctly when writing in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>Chinese punctuation marks are pretty simple, with many of them looking and functioning similarly to the ones in English.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\uff1f<\/strong>\u95ee\u53f7 <em>(w\u00e8n h\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 Question mark<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\uff01<\/strong>\u53f9\u53f7 <em>(t\u00e0n h\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 Exclamation mark<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u5192\u53f7 <em>(m\u00e0o h\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 Colon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\uff1b<\/strong>\u5206\u53f7 <em>(f\u0113n h\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 Semicolon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\uff08\uff09<\/strong>\u62ec\u53f7 <em>(ku\u00f2 h\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 Parentheses<\/p>\n<p>The difference between these Chinese and English punctuation marks is only evident when typing. Typed Chinese punctuation normally includes a space after the mark\u2014unless it&#8217;s an open parenthesis or quotation mark where the space precedes the mark.<\/p>\n<p>Here are a couple of other familiar punctuation marks with slight stylistic variations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u9017\u53f7 <em>(d\u00f2uh\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 comma<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u53e5\u53f7 <em>(j\u00f9h\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 period<\/p>\n<p>Of course, there are more variations of punctuation marks, as well as ones that are found just in Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>One uniquely Chinese punctuation mark is the enumeration comma, which is used in place of the regular comma when listing multiple objects in a sentence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u3001<\/strong>\u987f\u53f7 <em>(d\u00f9nh\u00e0o)<\/em> \u2014 enumeration comma<\/p>\n<p>This is what it looks like in a sentence:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u6211\u9700\u8981\u4e70\u9e21\u86cb<strong>\u3001<\/strong>\u9762\u5305<strong>\u3001<\/strong>\u725b\u5976\u548c\u6a59\u6c41\u3002<br \/>\n<em>(w\u01d2 x\u016b y\u00e0o m\u01cei j\u012b d\u00e0n, mi\u00e0n b\u0101o, ni\u00fa n\u01cei h\u00e9 ch\u00e9ng zh\u012b.)<br \/>\n<\/em>I need to buy eggs, bread, milk and orange juice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Chinese punctuation marks are reserved for Chinese characters only. Use English punctuation marks for pinyin.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You made it!<\/p>\n<p>I know that was a lot, but don\u2019t worry if you don\u2019t nail all these concepts right away. After all, understanding the logic behind the rules is already more than half the battle. Just hang in there, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/asia\/jia-you-phrase-add-oil-added-to-oxford-english-dictionary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u52a0\u6cb9<\/a> <em>(ji\u0101 y\u00f3u)<\/em>!<\/p>\n<p><span data-sheets-root=\"1\"><h2>And One More Thing...<\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\nIf you want to continue learning Chinese with interactive and authentic Chinese content, <a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">then you'll love FluentU<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nFluentU naturally eases you into learning Chinese language. Native Chinese content comes within reach, and you'll learn Chinese as it's spoken in real life.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nFluentU has a wide range of contemporary videos\u2014like dramas, TV shows, commercials and music videos.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"attachment_12840\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12840\" class=\" wp-image-12840 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chinese-5.png\" alt=\"learn-mandarin-chinese-with-videos\" width=\"320\" height=\"568\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12840\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FluentU App Browse Screen<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>FluentU brings these native Chinese videos within reach via interactive captions.<\/strong> You can tap on any word to instantly look it up. All words have carefully written definitions and examples that will help you understand how a word is used. Tap to add words you'd like to review to a vocab list.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"attachment_12843\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12843\" class=\"wp-image-12843 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chinese-6.png\" alt=\"learn-mandarin-chinese-with-subtitled-song-and-music-videos\" width=\"320\" height=\"568\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interactive Transcripts on FluentU<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\nFluentU's <strong>Learn Mode<\/strong> turns every video into a language learning lesson. You can always swipe left or right to see more examples for the word you're learning.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"attachment_12844\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12844\" class=\"wp-image-12844 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chinese-7.png\" alt=\"practice-mandarin-chinese-with-adaptive-quizzes\" width=\"320\" height=\"568\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FluentU Has Quizzes for Every Video<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\nThe best part is that FluentU always keeps track of your vocabulary. It customizes quizzes to focus on areas that need attention and reminds you when it\u2019s time to review what you\u2019ve learned. <strong> You have a 100% personalized experience. <\/strong>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nStart using the FluentU website on your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes or Google Play store. <a data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/try\/april-sale-3331\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)<\/a>\r\n<\/p> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chinese grammar is logical, structural and simple. And to be completely honest, Chinese language structures make more sense to me than grammar rules of other languages\u2014English included. From measure words&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":731,"featured_media":222323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"Chinese Grammar: The Complete Guide to 15 Core Elements - FluentU","description":"Chinese grammar is logical, structural and simple. And to be completely honest, Chinese language structures make more sense to me than grammar rules of other la"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[724,730],"tags":[],"coauthors":[184],"class_list":["post-182082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chinese","category-chinese-grammar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/731"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=182082"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":253934,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182082\/revisions\/253934"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/222323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=182082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=182082"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=182082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}