{"id":107247,"date":"2023-12-19T06:51:39","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T11:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/learn\/japanese-particles\/"},"modified":"2024-11-28T19:10:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T00:10:23","slug":"japanese-particles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/blog\/japanese\/japanese-particles\/","title":{"rendered":"17 Frequently Used Japanese Particles [Plus Usage Notes]"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japanese particles, also known as \u52a9\u8a5e (\u3058\u3087\u3057) or \u3066\u306b\u3092\u306f, are small words in hiragana<\/a> that come after the words they modify.<\/p>\n

They don’t mean anything on their own, but you’ll see them in nearly every sentence. Rather, they\u00a0tell you how words within a sentence<\/a> are related. When talking about coffee, for example, the particle tells us if it was given to<\/strong> you, taken\u00a0from<\/strong> you or included with<\/strong> your breakfast.<\/p>\n

Learn how to use 17 Japanese particles in this post, including some must-know Japanese endings like \u306d and \u3088.<\/p>\n

[fluentu-toc]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Japanese Particles<\/th>Romaji<\/th>Function<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u304c<\/td>ga<\/em><\/td>- Mark the subject
\n- Follow a question word<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u306f<\/td>wa<\/em><\/td>- Mark the sentence topic
\n- Show contrast
\n- Add emphasis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u304b<\/td>ka<\/em><\/td>- Indicate a question
\n- List options and alternatives (\u201cor\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3092<\/td>o<\/em><\/td>Mark a direct object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3068<\/td>to<\/em><\/td>- List multiple responses to a question
\n- Show collaborative relationship (\"with\")<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u306e<\/td>no<\/em><\/td>- Indicate possession
\n- Ask informal questions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3082<\/td>mo<\/em><\/td>Comment on multiple things (\u201ctoo\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u306b<\/td>ni<\/em><\/td>- Mark time, location and direction
\n- Show verb's destination
\n- Mark indirect objects
\n- Show that something exists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3067<\/td>de<\/em><\/td>- Show where action occurs
\n- Indicate the use of something<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3078<\/td>e<\/em><\/td>Show destination\/direction of movement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u306d<\/td>ne<\/em><\/td>- Politely end a sentence
\n- Seek agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3088<\/td>yo<\/em><\/td>Mark definitive end to sentence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u306a\u304f\u3061\u3083
\n\u306a\u304d\u3083<\/td>		nakucha<\/em>
\nnakya<\/em><\/td>		Express that something must be done<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3055
\n\u305e<\/td>		sa<\/em>
\nzo<\/em><\/td>		Emphasize men\u2019s statements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u306a<\/td>na<\/em><\/td>- Express opinions (mostly used by men)
\n- Seek agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3061\u3083\u3063\u305f<\/td>chatta<\/em><\/td>Express regret (mostly used by women)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u3082\u3093<\/td>mon<\/em><\/td>- Express dissatisfaction
\n- Indicate an excuse
\n- Show an emotional response<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

1. \u304c (Subject Marker)<\/h2>\n

\u304c is used to:<\/strong><\/p>\n